高考英语作文常考10种类型写作技巧

高考作文分为实用文和应用文。

实用文包括：1.提纲作文；2.图表作文； 3.图画作文； 4.开放作文；

应用文包括：5.书信； 6.通知； 7简历； 8.日记； 9.便条；10.电子邮件。

1.提纲作文：在英语课堂上，你喜欢你的老师授课时只用英语，还是英语、汉语兼用？某英语杂志社就此话题邀请中学生发表看法。请围绕“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught? In English only,or in both English and Chinese?”这个问题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文。

授课形式一：只用英语
　　    优点：有助于提高听说能力等
　    　缺憾：不易听懂等

　　结论：……

授课形式二：英语、汉语兼用
　　    优点：易于理解等
　　    缺憾：英语氛围不浓等
　　结论：……

注意：1.词数 100~120，短文开头已给出(不计词数)。
            2.参考词汇：atmosphere氛围
                  

满分文(一)

　　I prefer my English classes to betaught in both English and Chinese, whose advantage is that it is easy for usto understand what the teacher talks about. The teacher first teaches the classin English, and then she explains those that are hard to understand to us sothat we get a better knowing of the passage. That will be good for us.

　　However, teaching the class in twolanguages will make the English atmosphere not so strong. Some students whowish to be taught in English will be disappointed.

　　Except for the disadvantage, I thinkit is really good to hear two languages in classes. It can make us morefamiliar with the foreign culture.

名师指导：

　　审题是作文的第一要素，本文的审题准确无误。无论是要点的把握还是结构的组织都证明了这一点。本文运用多种复杂句式，整体看来是不错的。文中的一个复合句式显示了作者的英语功底。其他出彩短语的使用也很地道，可以参看好句中的分析。

背诵内容：
              1.advantage n.优点
              2.be familiar with，对某人熟悉
              3. atmosphere n.气氛

满分文(二)

　　I prefer my English classes to betaught only in English because it is helpful for us to improve the ability ofspeaking and listening in a very short time. I have strong interest in Englishstudy and foreign culture, so I’d like to be totally immersed in the atmosphereof English so that I can quickly make progress. That’s why I prefer totalEnglish. However, since we are all English beginners, it’s really hard tounderstand all that the teacher says. Sometimes we need Chinese explanation. Somy viewpoint is that we are taught not only in English but also using Chineseas a minor way to explain things that are hard to understand.

名师指导：

　　本文写作十分成功。语言和句式是本文最大的特点。好词中词汇的使用，将作者的意思表达得完整而准确，从而映衬了词汇的重要性；其次，本文的句式以复杂句为主，表语、定语和状语从句的使用都十分到位。

应背好词：1. immerse v.沉浸
                    2. explanation n.解释
                   3. make progress 取得进步

2.图表作文：今年寒假，你参加了社会实践活动，去某旅行社当业余导游。请根据该旅行社提供的数据和你的所见所闻，用英语写一篇短文，作为寒假作业交给你的英语老师。

Number of people in City X travelling

abroad in 1996, 2001 and 2006

要求：1. 简析表格，说明产生这种现象的原因；
             2. 结合漫画，谈谈境外旅游出现的问题；

             3. 针对所出现的问题阐述你自己的看法（至少两点）；

             4. 词数120左右；
             5. 参考词汇：吐痰  spit  v.

When people’s life is getting better and better,more and more people choose to spend their holidays abroad. The year 2006 seesa sharp increase in the number of overseas travelers compared with the year2001, when the number was already much larger than that of the year 1996. It’sa good thing that Chinese tourism is developing very fast. However, reportsabout people’s bad manners flood in. Some are even asked if all Chinese spitand litter everywhere. The poor behavior has done great harm to the image ofChina, which is really shameful.

China has long been regarded as a country withgood manners. Everybody should keep some do’s and don’ts in their mind to guidetheir behavior in public, home and abroad. Win respect for yourself and ourcountry!

内容要点

1. 简析表格内容；

2. 出境旅游人数快速增长的原因，如：生活水平的提高（学生需自己发挥）

3. 漫画中的问题: 随地吐痰，乱扔垃圾

4. 个人的看法，指出这些行为是不文明的；要提倡社会公德（学生需自己发挥至少两点）

该篇文章完全完成了试题规定的任务。 准确、清楚地表达了图表、漫画和要求中的内容，要点无遗漏，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，达到了预期的写作目的。属于很不错的高分范文！

3.图画作文: 根据以下图画，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。

注意：1．词数：100左右

            2．生词：通讯：communicate   互联网：the Internet

    Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life.

    In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone. But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone. People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time. What’s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails when ever they like. With these changes, people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficient. It used to take several days to hear from each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different countries.

In a word, people have an easier life nowadays.

名师点评：
此类文章首先要构思文章结构
开头：总起即说什么
常用句型:

1.   In short, things have begun to improve since …
2. Great changes have taken place in …
3. With the growing popularity of Internet surfing in China, the quality of ourlives is improving.
4. There are some three major values of owning a car, To begin with … Next… last... There are, on the other hand, more reasons against it. First…， Second…, Finally…
主体：即怎么说？可用举例、对比、分析、数字、描写等。
列举过去的情况Take … for example, in the past she …. / sheused to do besides…, what’s more.
列举现在的情况 but now, not only do/ can he … but also he …;besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…
结尾：总结 in short; in a word; as a result

4.开放作文：你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancingcompetition)，班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。

    A group dancing competition will be held in ourschool and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. Whilemost of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have saidyes to our monitor with great pleasure.

Generally speaking, there are two reasons for mydecision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which willenable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dullboy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides,I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years.Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancingskills and make some contributions to the class.

For the two reasons mentioned above, it is nosurprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.

你的文章必须包括以下内容：
                                          1）你是否会参加比赛；
                                          2）你做出该决定的具体理由。

所谓开放“作文”，是相对于我们过去一直沿用的“书面表达”这种指导性写作(GuidedWriting)而言的。它是一种比传统的“书面表达”限制较少的、留给考生自由发挥空间更多的考查学生书面表达能力的一种题型。开放作文属于命题作文，考生要根据所给命题，独立进行构思，并必须做适当的发挥。它在一定程度上考查了考生的写作能力，即要求考生根据写作动机选择相应的写作策略，并根据自己已经具备的相应知识完成写作。以下是开放作文常用句型

描述部分

1. As can be seen from the picture, a boy is doing …

As we can see in the picture, there are two peoplestaring at a plant growing in a pot.

In the picture, we can see a bucket made of woodenboard in different length.

2. There be … doing

有四只小鸟翱翔在高高的天空上.

There are four young birds flying high in the sky.

3. See … doing

我们能看到一只大鸟在巢中休息

In the picture, we can see a big bird resting in anest.

4. … while … (对比)

在风中, 大树折断了，而小草则依然挺立.

In the wind, the tall tree breaks into two halves,while the short grass remains standing straight.

In the eyes of the man on the left, the plants willgrow thick and tall, while in the other’s view, the plants will be dying prettysoon.

5. 地点状语放句首, 主句全部倒装.

地点状语+live / fly / sit/ stand / grow /be +名词+非限定性定语从句.

在蜘蛛网的中间, 坐着一个小孩, 他整日坐在电脑前面和别人聊天和打游戏.

In the middle of the spider web sits a child, who isoccupied in chatting with others and playing online games in front of thecomputer all day long.

In the wind stands a big tree, which is blown to oneside and almost broken into two halves.

On the surface of the big clock are two people, one ofwhom is an old man and the other a young boy.

In the middle of the picture is a man dressed in oldfashioned clothes who is cutting the bushes into the same shape.

6. It is obvious that… / obviously (逻辑引领, 承上启下)

显而易见, 这个孩子已经因为迷上网络而忽略学习.

It’s obvious that the child is so addicted to theInternet that he forgets what he should do.

解释部分

1. This picture sets us thinking and we may gainenlightenment from what the picture really means.

2. What the picture conveys goes far beyond only apicture itself. It carries deeper meanings.

3. My understanding of the picture is that…

4. Seeing the picture, I think that…

5. We can often see this similar phenomenon in ourdaily life.

It is very common in our society……

This phenomenon is not unusual in our society

This reflects a common phenomenon in our society

6. The picture reminds me of the fact that…

7. The picture sets us thinking a lot.

8. It is obvious that the picture has a profound /hidden / irony meaning.

9. The picture arouses our interest of guessing whatthe artist wants to tell us and at the same time we can learn something fromit.

10. While the picture looks very funny, it really has aprofound meaning for us to take into consideration.

11. The purpose of the artist who draws the cartoonpicture is clear and instructive as well.

12. Obviously, we can learn a lot from the cartoonpicture. What the picture tries to tell us is that…

结尾部分

1．Inmy view, no matter where we are working, we ought to cooperate with ourcolleagues well. And only in this way can we create a harmonious workingatmosphere and work more efficiently.

2．Frommy perspective, weak as the grass is, it can stand strongly in the big windwhen the big tree breaks in half. In other words, the grass appears weak, butit has a strong mind. The tree looks stronger, but it cannot conquerdifficulties and even gives up hope in the end. So we can learn a lesson fromthe picture- a person’s inner strength is much powerful than physical strength.

3．Weought to hold a positive attitude towards our life. Only by this means can welive happily and healthily.

4．Thepicture tells us that we ought to help someone in our team to complete himself.Only by this means can our team work better and achieve success in the end.

5．Onlywhen we see others’ advantages can we learn from them and make greater progressday by day.

6．Onlyby choosing the most suitable methods for our studies can we gain as much aspossible in the end.

The picture arouses our interest of guessing what theartist wants to tell us and at the same time we can learn something from it.

10. While the picture looks very funny, it really has aprofound meaning for us to take into consideration.

11. The purpose of the artist who draws the cartoonpicture is clear and instructive as well.

12. Obviously, we can learn a lot from the cartoonpicture. What the picture tries to tell us is that…

5.书信：下面是一个中学生给某报编辑部写的一封信，仔细阅读并就信的内容以编辑的名义给此中学生回一封信。

Dear editor.

     I aman active girl, and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom, like a boy. Idon’t care about small matters. On the contrary, my neighbor, the girl who sitsnext to me, speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do. I canunderstand this.

     What Ican’t stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things. How can Iget along with her?

                                                                                                                                                 yours,

                                                                                                                                                Sunny

注意：1)书信格式要规范；

            2)回信需就原信内容给出至少三条建议（如谈心，相互理解，参加他们的生日等活动，谈论共同话题，
               分享快乐等等）；   

           3)字数：120左右。

范文：

Dear Sunny,

     It’svery good that you want to be friends with this girl. In my opinion, you’dbetter first have a heart-to-heart talk with her, because understanding eachother is very important for you two. And I also think it’s better for you toask her to join you and your classmates in all kinds of activities, such asbirthday parties, going out for a walk, discussing some fashionable topics, andso on. Besides, helping each other is also very important for both of you. Justshare happiness and sadness with her. And I believe she will understand you intime and it is certain you two will be good friends in the future. Good luck toyou.

                                                                                                                                                Yours,

                                                                                                                                                Editor

名师点评：
英信一般分为商业信函(business letters)和私人书信(personal letters)两种，而书面表达一般都是要求写私人书信。它包括五部分，即信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名，具体如下：

1．信头：寄信人的地址和写信日期，写在信的右上角。注意中地名的写法与中文不同，要从小到大；日期的写法也与中文不同，不是写在签名之下，而是写在寄信人的地址之下。习惯上人们采用美式英语表达，即月、日、年，月，日与年之间用逗号隔开，月份尽量不要缩写，如june 8,2009；而英式英语表达则为日、月、年，中间不用逗号隔开，如8 june2009。

2．称呼：自成一行，顶格写。称呼语常用：dearsir/madam/manager/editor/friends/bob，称呼之后一般用逗号。

3．正文：信件的主体部分即为信的正文。正文写在称呼的下一行，与dear后第一个单词对齐。正文通常包括三部分，即开头、目的和结尾。正文的开头语常用：thank you for your last letter asking about...；I’m glad to...。正文的结尾语是正文的一部分，常常另起一行，常用的结尾语有：i’mlooking forward to your reply；thanks and all the best；best wishes；wishing you a pleasant journey。

4．结束语：结束语与正文的结尾语不一样，它要写在结尾语的下一行，位于书信的右下角，后面用逗号。常用的结束语有：yourssincerely/faithfully/truly；sincerely/truly yours；yours等。

6.通知: 假设你们将于5月10日去体检。请根据下列内容和提示，写一篇口头通知，词数80左右。

    1．体检地点：人民医院，离我们学校不远，步行大约15分钟的路程。

    2．体检日期：5月10日上午8点，星期六。

    注意：

    1．7：45在医院门口集合，可以骑车或步行前往。

    2．体检前空腹。

    3．在医院保持安静，听从医生和护士的安排。

范文

Notice

Attentionplease, everyone,

     Our class will go to have a physicalexamination in People's Hospital on Saturday, 10th May.  . It is not far from our school. It's aboutfifteen minutes' walk. You may either walk there or go there by bicycle.

     The examination will begin at 8:00.  We are not allowed to eat or drink anythingbefore the examination. Keep quiet there and listen to the doctors and nurses.After the examination you may go home.

名师指导：
一、掌握书面通知特点
书面通知即以书面的形式表达通知的内容，其特点是：措辞较严谨，句子结构相对口头通知会更复杂，尤其会使用一些非谓语动词短语(如用不定式表目的等)和从句(如if 从句、when从句、so that从句等)。

二、熟记书面通知格式
与口头通知不同，书面通知在用书面形式表达出来时，它有自己比较固定的格式：如通知开头要有标题(通常为Notice或Announcement)，标题下面是正文，正文后通常还应有发通知的单位(通常写在右下角)和写发通知的日期(通常写在左下角)等。

三、注意与口头通的区别
口头通知一般有开头称呼语(Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls等)，而书面通知通常不用这些开头称呼语；口头通知用来吸引听众注意力的句子(如May I have your attention, please? / Attention please, everyone. Ihave an announcement to make. / Be quite. There is something important I haveto tell you.等)在书面通知中通常不可以用；口头通知的结束套语(That’s all. Thank you very much.)在书面通知中也不会使用。

四、熟记书面通知套语
尽管书面通知与口头通知有很多表达套语不一样，但有些表达(如叫听者不要迟到、欢迎某人参加某活动等方面的套语)是可以通用的，不过有时可能在措辞方面会有所不同(书面通知措辞可能会略正式些)。如：
口头通知：Everyone should be there on time.
                   Be sure not to be late.
                   Please be present on time.
书面通知：Everyone is required to be present on time.
口头通知：Be sure to attend it on time.
书面通知：Everybody is expected to attend it on time.
另外，书面通知的以下套语也需注意：
All teachers and students are required to…(全体师生务必要……)
Notice is hereby given that…(兹通知……)
Our school / The Student Union will / is going to hold…
A lecture will be given at 7:00 this evening in…

五、牢记书面语通知时态
与口头通知一样，书面通知也以一般将来时为主。如：
The students of Senior Grade One will go to Jingshan Park on May 4.
We will climb up the hill and have a picnic on the top of it.
After that we will visit the famous botanical garden nearby.
On July 22, Saturday, we will visit the following places — a school or ahospital.
We will be divided into four groups and each group can visit one of the places.

7.简历：国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平，友谊”夏令营活动，要求报名者提前交英文个人简历。假设你是王珊，请根据下列信息写一篇个人简介。

注意：1.词数不少于60

            2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

范文：

I’m Wang Shan, a girl of sixteen, presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle School. I like music, especially classical music. I’m also interested in photography because it allows me to record the beautiful moments in my life. Through my hobbies, I’ve made many friends. In fact, I like meeting new people and enjoy talking with them. Believing we all need help from each other, I appreciate friends’ help, and I’m willing to help anyone in need.

I love life; I love Mother Nature; and I love peace. I hate any form of violence.

I would like to join the Peace & Friendship Summer Camp since it would be a great opportunity to make friends with young people from different countries and learn about their cultures.

名师点评：

1.要点：文章可分为三个部分——基本情况（姓名、性别、年龄、学校），其他情况，参加夏令营的目的。

2.时态：一般现在时；

  人称：第一人称

3.短语及句型：

上学：attend school

感兴趣：be interested in/ take a deep interest in

擅长于：be good at

与人交流：communicate with

乐于助人：be ready to help others

结交朋友：make friends with

了解：learn about

8.日记：5月3日，你参观了一个农场.请根据下列图画用英语写一篇日记。

注意：
1. 日记必须包括图中所有内容,可适当增减细节，使日记连贯。

2. 词数 100左右。      

May 3   Sunday                                 Fine

     Today we visited a farm. Early in the morning we met at the school gate and we went there together.

The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. Then the head of the farm showed us around. How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well! At noon, we had a picnic lunch in the sun0shine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and stories. Two of us even played a game of chess. The time passed quickly. Before we knew it, we had to say goodbye to the workers.

名师点拨：

1. 段落和要点：本文属于日记，介绍参观农场的相关情况；共有六个要点（6副图片所描绘的内容要点）。

2.时态：一般过去时。

3.短语及句型：

在学校门口集合：meet/gather at the school gate

热烈欢迎：give sb. a warm welcome

带某人参观：show sb. aroud

野餐：have a picnic lunch

过的愉快：have a good time/have fun doing something

讲笑话：tell jokes

讲故事：tell stories

下象棋：play chess/play a game of chess

告别：say goodbye to...

4.写作模版：

（1）日记一般要求写清日期和天气。年、月、日和星期写在第一行的左上角，天气写在日记第一行的右上角。如要强调写日记的地点，则可将地点写在日期的后面。

（2）命题日记将日记的标题写在第二行。

（3）在第三行空两个开始写日记的征文，一般写日记直接切入主题。

（4）考试时的提示日记则要抓住要点，意思清楚，表达流畅，人称多用第一人称I或we，时态则用过去时、现在完成时或用一般现在时。

9.便条：

书面表达

       你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家参加。

为使美国朋友听懂，请你写一个广播通知，字数要求100以内。

内容要点：

(1)为欢迎来访的美国朋友举办晚会         (2)由学生会组织；

(3)于8月15日，星期六，晚7:30举行；     (4)将跳舞、唱歌、听音乐、做游戏；

(5)交换小礼品；                                      (6)欢迎大家都参加。
可能用到的词汇：学生会: Student Union 通知：announcement 交换：exchange

May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Student Union is going to hold
a party on Saturday evening, August 15, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held
at 7:30 p.m. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gifts. Will everybody please bring
along a small gift for this purpose? There's sure to be a lot of fun and everybody is welcome.

名师指导：写作指导

1.段落和要点：文章可分为三个部分——活动的宗旨、组织者、时间、地点为第1段；或哦的难过内容为第2段；活动注意事项为地3段。

2.时态：一般将来时

3.短语及句型：

学生会：the Student Union

举行聚会：hold a party

交换礼品：exchanges of gifts

包装：wrap up

签名：sign one's name

祝愿词：words od good wishes

4.写作模版：

（1）口头通知

An Announcement

Comrades and friends/Boys and girls/Teachers and students:

Attention please!/May I have your attention, pease? I have an announcement to make...

(2）书面通知

Notice

The Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening August 15 in the roof garden of Main Building...

10.邮件：假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写回信。

要点：1. 参加中文学习班；2. 看中文书刊、电视； 3. 学唱中文歌曲； 4. 交中国朋友。

注意：1.词数100左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

Dear Peter,
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you'll be able to learn
from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books,
newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.
Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn
and remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you
a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.
Try and write me in Chinese next time.
Best wishes.

名师指导

1.段落和要点：文章共4个要点，可以分为两部分——要点1、2、为第1段，要点3、4为第二段。写作时应注意将信息要点概括全面，同时注意句子之间的衔接和书信的整体结构。

2.时态：一般现在时

人称：第二人称

3.短语及句型：

参加中文学习班：take a Chinese course

向……学习：learn from

与……一起练习：practice with

看中文书刊、电视：watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese

交中国朋友：make more Chinese friends

4.关联词：first...then...besides...lastly/finally; on the one hand...,on the other hand...; first of all...in the next place...last but not least...

写作模版：

英语书信写作模版

开头部分：How nice to hear from you again./let me tell you something about the activity./I'm glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th./ I'm pleased to hear that you're coming to China for a visit./I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分：With best wishes./ I'm looking forward to your reply./I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

PS:

结尾万能公式一：说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： thus, it can be concluded that…, therefore, we can find that…

结尾万能公式二：如此建议如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： accordingly, i recommend that some measures be taken. consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

2019年高考英语作文常考10种类型写作技巧