一般现在时

一．用法：

1． 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 

例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 

2．表示现在的状态。 

例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。       The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 

3．表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 

例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 

My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 

4．表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 

例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。     Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 

5．表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 

例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。       He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 

6．在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 

例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。

二．动词的三单形式变化规则：

1.一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读∕s∕，在浊辅音后读∕z∕；在t后读∕ts∕,在d后读∕dz∕。) play –plays

2.以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，读∕iz∕,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。. pass-passes  fix-fixes  teach-teaches  wish-wishes  do-does

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读∕z∕。

Study-studies

三．句子结构

1. S+be (am, is, are)

I am always happy .

2. S+实义动词 （原形或单三）

I go to school everyday.

He goes to school everyday.

四．时间状语

always、often、 usually、seldom、never 、everyday等。

一般过去时

一. 用法

1.表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。

例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？

After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。

2．表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。 例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.  

我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。  

3.一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。 例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？

二．动词过去式变化规则

1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读∕t∕；在浊辅音和元音后读∕d∕；在 ∕t∕,∕d∕后读∕id∕。

work- worked

2. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed 

drop- dropped

3. 结尾是“辅音字母＋y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-ed

study- studies

注：不规则动词过去式参见课本后的表

三．句子结构

1. S+be (was, were )

I was 7 years old last year.

2. S+实义动词（过去式）

I went to school yesterday.

四．时间状语

yesterday,  last week,  an hour ago ,just now,  the other day,  in 1982， after+时间段

一般将来时

一． 用法

1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。例如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. 

2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。 

例如：I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。

 3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。 

例如：I think she’ll go back home for supper. 

我想她会回家吃饭。       

Maybe she’ll go to the gym.

也许她会去体育馆。

4.表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。 

例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ 

The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 

5.表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。 

例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

6.注意：be going to 和will之间的区别。 两者都用于预测时，be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测；will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。 两者在时间的发生上，be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。 

例如：He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。

二． 句子结构

1. S +will+动词原形

I will be a teacher next year.

2. S + be（am, is, are） going to + 动词原形

Tom is going to go fishing tomorrow.

三． 时间状语

tomorrow,  next year， in the future 等

过去将来时

注意：初中阶段只要求掌握句子结构

1. S+ would +动词原形

2. S+ be (was ,were) going to +动词原形

现在进行时

一． 用法

1. 现在正在进行的动作或状态

He is reading in the room now.

2. 现阶段正在发生的事但此刻未必正在进行

I am learning swimming these days.

二．动词现在分词变化规则

1、一般情况+ing

Listen- listening work- working

2、以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

write- writing make- making

3、重读闭音节结尾的单词双写末尾辅音字母+ing

run- running swim- swimming

三．句子结构

S+ be (am , is , are) +动词的现在分词

I am playing games now.

四．时间状语

now right now

at the moment

these days at present

this week /month /year

Look ! Listen!

过去进行时

一． 用法

表示过去某时正在发生的动作。

I was doing my homework at 7 yesterday evening.

二．句子结构

S + be (was, were ) +动词的现在分词

三．时间状语

at 7 yesterday morning 等

现在完成时

一． 用法

发生在过去不确定时间的动作或事件，对现在有影响或结果。这个动作可能到现在结束，或延续下去。

I have finished the work .

二．句子结构

S+have\has +done

三. 动词的过去分词变化规则

注意：规则动词与过去式相同，不规则变化背课本后的表

四． 时间状语

1.常可以和just, already, yet ,recently ever/never 这类副词连用

2.也可和表示过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用

She has never shot a movie before

So far, he has done well at school.

3.表示一段时间的时间状语

(1) for + 时间段

We’ve lived here for 10 years.

(2)since + 时间点

I haven’t seen her since January.

（3）since ... ago

She has written two books since 5 years ago.

过去完成时

注意：初中阶段只要求掌握句子结构

S + had + done

习题及答案

1. will tell him as soon as he _____ back

A. come B. comes C. will come D. came

2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.

A. tries…buys B. tries… buies

C. trys… buys D. trys… buies

3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.

A. cathcs…dances B. catches… dances

C. catchs…dancees D. catches… dancee

4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.

A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies

C. Does… enjoys D. Does…enjoy

5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly.

A. Do…hear B. Does…hear C. Do… receive D. receive

6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?

A. Does…does B. Do…does

C. Does…do D. Do… do

7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____.

A. Has… x…does B. Has…x…does

C. Does…has…has D. Does… have…does

8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?

A. does …gives B. does… give

C. do… give D. gives

9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.

A. does he…No B. does he…Yes

C. doesn't he…No D. doesn't he…Yes

10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?

A. goes…doesn't B. goes…isn't

C. doesn't go…does D. doesn't go…is

11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.

A. watch B. watches

C. watching D. is watching

12. We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.

A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed

13. Neither I nor he ______ French.

A. speak B. doesn't speak

C. speaks D. doesn't speak

14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.

A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing

15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.

A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries

16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.

A. swimming… playing B. swimming…plaiing

C. swimming… I playing D. swimming…plaing

17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .

A. playing… dance B. playing… dancing

C. play… dancing D. play… dance

18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.

A. is beginning B. is beginning

C. begin D. begins

19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?

A. Does…gets B. Does…get C. Is…getting D. Is…getting

20. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.

A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes

C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes

参考答案：1—5 BABDB

6—10 CDDBA

11—15 BBCCD

16—20 CBDCC

21. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday.

A. go…go B. am going… go

C. go… am going D. am going…am going

22. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ?

A. have…do B. have…don't

C. are having…are D. are having… aren't

23. You ______ about the future now, ______ you ?

A. don't think…don't B. aren't thinking… aren't

C. don't think… do D. aren't thinking… are

24. She always ______ something whenever she ______.

A .studied…played B. studied…plaied

C.. studied…plaied D. studied… played

25. He often _____ late in the forest. It _____ me very much.,

A. stayed…worried B. staied… worried

C. stayed…worryed D. staied… worried

26. I ______that the boy _____ with no tears in his eyes.

A. noticed… cryed B. noticed… cried

C. noticed…cried D. noticed… cryed

27. We _____the floor and _____ all the windows.

A. mopped… cleanned B. moped… cleaned

C. mopped…cleaned D. moped… cleaned

28. When I _____ the Children's Palace, the children _____ with joy.

A. visited… jumpped B. visited… jumped

C. visited… jumped D. visited… jumpped

29. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they ______.

A. Did they have… did B. Did they have… had

C. Had they… had D. Had they… did

30. ____ you _____out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I ______.

A. Did…went…went B. Did… go… went

C. Did… went… did D. Did… go… did

31. _____ Jack _____ on with his work or ______ to have a rest?

A. Did… went… stopped B. Did… go… stop

C. Did… went… stop D. Did… go… stopped

32. You gave them a talk two days ago, _____you ? Yes, I ______.

A. did… did B. did… gave

C. didn't… did D. didn't… gave

33. ____ your brother _____ a letter to ? My father.

A. Who… wrote B. What…wrote

C. Who did…write D. What did… write

34. They _____ about the TV news then in the sitting-room. They often ____such talks

A. talked…had B. talk…have

C. were talking…had D. are talking…have

35. He ______ some cooking at that time, so _____ me.

A. did… heard B. did… didn't hear

C. was doing… heard D. was doing… didn't hear

36. " _____ you angry then?" "They_ too much noise.”

A. Are…were making B. Were…were making

C. Are…made D. Were… made

37. This time yesterday Jack _____ his, bike. He _____ TV.

A. repaired… didn't watch B. was repairing… watched

C. repaired… watched D. was repairing… wasn't watching

38. We _____ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.

A. were waiting… waiting B. were waiting… wait

C. waited… waiting D. waited… wait

39. When you _____ at the door, I _____ some washing.

A. knocked… did B. was knocking… did

C. knocked… was doing D. knock… am doing

40. The boy_____ English on the radio when I _____ his door.

A. learned… was opening B. was learning… opened

C. learned… opened D. is learning… open

参考答案：21-25 BDDDA

26—30 BCBAD

31—35 BCCCD

36—40 BDACB

41. When they______ through the forest, a bear _____ at them.

A. walked… was coming B. were walking… came

C. were talking… comes D. walk… is coming

42. A young man _____ her while she _____ her work .

A. watched… was finishing B. was watching… finished

C. watched… finished D. was watching… was finishing

43. While mother _____ some washing, I ______ a kite for Kack.

A. did… made B. was doing… made

C. was doing… was making D. did… was making

44. I _____ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _____ to work.

A. was teaching… didn't go B. taught… didn't go

C. was teaching… went D. taught… went

45. He _____ a model plane when I came to see him.

A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made

46. I ______ a letter at nine last night.

A. is writing B. was writing

C. wrote D. is writing

47. The teacher_____ (give) us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom.

A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was giving

48. There will be a football match in two days, that is _______.

A. last Sunday B. next Sunday

C. every Sunday D. this Sunday

49. We ______ class meeting this November.

A. had B. have C. will have D. are having

50. He ______ in his garden every morning next year.

A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working

51. Be careful. The train ______.

A. will come B. C. comes D. is coming

52. Look at those clouds. It _____ soon, I'm afraid.

A. is going to rain B. is raining

C. will rain D. won't rain

53. The radio says it ______ the day after tomorrow.

A. is going to snow B. is snowing

C. will snow D. snows

54. _____ he _____ some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?

A. Will…does B. is going to do

C. is…doing D. Shall… do

55. What day _____ it ______ tomorrow ? Wednesday.

A. is… going to be B. will…be

C. shall…be D. does…be

56. The boy _______ sixteen years old next year.

A. is going to be B. is growing to be

C. will be D. is

57. _____ you ____ me up at six, please ?

A. Are…going to wake B. Are…waking

C. Will…wake D. Do…wake

58. If he ______ to college, he _____ a lot more.

A. will go…will learn B. will go…is going to learn

C. is going… is going to learn D. goes… will learn

59. When she _____ next time ,l ______ her everything.

A. is going to come…shall tell

B. will come…shall tell

C. comes…will tell

D. come…will tell

60. What day ____ it ____ tomorrow ? It ____Tuesday.

A. is…going to be… is B. will…be…will

C. is…going to be…is going D. will be…will be

参考答案：41-45 BDCAC

46—50 BDDCA

51—55 DACBB

56—60 CCDCD

8大时态讲义及习题