怎 样 正 确 发 音

发布时间:2013-04-26 10:27:39

要想说好英语,应该学一点语音知识。下面是笔者总结的有关语音方面的一些基本知识,供你参考。

  1.关于语音的几个概念

  1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a e i(y) o u

  2) 音标:词的语音形式。

  3) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

  4) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap\'ple stu\'dent tea\'cher un\'der\'stand

  5) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

  6) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

  7) 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he go hi

  8) 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad bed sit hot cup; b)元音+辅音it

  9) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

  2. 元音:(注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)

  1) [i:] sea he see piece ceiling

  2) [i] sit build miss myth

  3) [e] bed desk head

  4) [ ] bad land bank stamp

  5) [a:] car fast class plant calm aunt

  6) [ ] hot want

  7) [ ] door more sport ball warm author court bought caught

  8) [u:] good who blue soup

  9) [u] look put women could

  10) [ ] cup come blood rough

  11) [ ] girl work serve nurse

  12) [ ] cadre ago forget polite dollar doctor famous Saturday

  13) [ei] cake they play eight great

  14) [ai] bike die neither light try find height eye

  15) [ ] phone cold boat soul grow

  16) [au] house town

  17) [ ] boy oil

  18) [ ] dear idea deer here fierce

  19) [ ] pear care there fair

  20) [ ] tour poor

  3. 容易混淆的元音

  1) [e] [] bed bad; men man; pen pan; lend land

  2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet great; mean main; read raid

  3) [e] [AI] bet bite; red write; said side head hide

  4) [au] [ ] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

  5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don

  4. 辅音

  1) [p] pen

  2) [b] bed comb

  3) [t] tell

  4) [d] day played wanted

  5) [k] cold sky quick school back accept box

  6) [g] big go guess language

  7) [m] man

  8) [n] nine knife autumn

  9) [ ] bank uncle English sing

  10) [l] land world

  11) [r] read write

  12) [f] five cough laugh

  13) [v] voice of

  14) [ ] think

  15) [ ] this bathe

  16) [s] sit miss science case scarf

  17) [z] zoo close

  18) [ ] sure she social nation

  19) [ ] pleasure

  20) [h] hot who hour

  21) [w] wall what answer

  22) [j] yes

  23) [ ] child teach catch

  24) [ ] joke bridge

  25) [ts] boats

  26) [dz] goods

  27) [tr] tree

  28) [dr] dream

  5. 容易混淆的辅音

  1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

  2) [s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

  3) [z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

  4) [n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

  6. 读音规则

  1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)

  2) 非重读音节 [ ] banana student today after [i] orange secret evening very Monday

  7. 特殊读音

  1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如:not at all half an hour I love you and all. after all

  2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如:good girl good student good job expression school extreme

  3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。例如:Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Can\'t you see it? last year this year

  8. 重音

  1)单词重音

  A)双音节词

  a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter sorry

  b) a- be- de- re- res- in- im- en- em- es- ex- con- com- dis- mis- pre- per- pro- trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a\'bout be\'lieve ad\'dress de\'cide re\'port con\'demn res\'pect com\'pare in\'form dis\'cuss im\'press mis\'take en\'force pre\'pare em\'ploy per\'mit es\'cape pro\'duce ex\'claimtrans\'late

  c) de- in- re- con- pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。\'record re\'cord; \'insult in\'sult; \'conduct con\'duct; \'present pre\'sent; \'content con\'tent

  d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re- ex- un- pre- post- 等的词,有两个重音。\'out\'side \'re\'tell \'well-\'known \'un\'real \'fif\'teen \'Chi\'nese \'pre-\'war \'post-\'war

  B)多音节词

  a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。\'difficult \'communist \'family e\'conomy oppor\'tunityde\'mocracy.

  b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。\'carefully in\'definite \'comfortable con\'ductor ac\'cording dis\'turbance \'complicatedes\'tablishment

  c)词尾有-eous -grahpy -ial -ian -ic -ics -ience ient -ify -ion -ious -ity ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour\'teous cal\'ligraphy edi\'torial his\'torian peri\'odic mathe\'matics ex\'periencesuf\'ficient i\'dentify trans\'lation re\'ligious curi\'osity pro\'tective

  d)词尾有 -ain -ee -eer -ese -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。enter\'tain emplo\'yee mountai\'neer Japa\'nese ciga\'rette

  2)句子重音

  A) 英语的节奏:(轻)----(轻)或重--(轻)(轻)重

  B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。

  C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be

  D) 实词不重读的特殊情况

  a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks.

  b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station.

  c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one.

  d) 感叹词中的 what how What a good day it is How beautiful she is

  e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.

  f)this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening

  E)虚词重读的特殊情况

  a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes I do. Are you a doctor? Yes I am. Can you help me? Yes I can. I don\'t like you. He isn\'t a worker.

  b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.

  c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.

  d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish I\'ll visit you. When he comes I\'ll tell him.

  e)反身代词表示强调。He couldn\'t come himself.

怎 样 正 确 发 音

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