《报刊选读》复习答疑

I. List the most famous newspapers and magazines in America and Britain and news agencies in the world.

American newspapers:

1. The New York Times

2. The Washington Post

3. Los Angles Times

4. USA Today

5. The Wall Street Journal

6. The Christian Science Monitor

7. International Herald Tribune

American magazines:

1. Time

2. Newsweek

3. U.S. News &. World Report

4. Reader’s Digest

5. Fortune

6. Far Eastern Economic Review

7. Business Week

British newspapers:

1. The Times

2. Financial Times

3. The Guardian

4. The Daily Telegraphy

The Times is read by the people who run the country. The Guardian is read by the people who like to run the country. The Financial Times is read by the people who own the country. The Daily Telegraphy is read by the country who remember the country as it used to be.

5. Daily Mirror

6. The Sun

7. Daily Express

8. Daily Mail

9. Daily Star

British Magazines:

1. The Economist

2. The Spectator

3. New Statesman

News Agencies:

1. AP -------- Associated Press ( America )

2. UPI -------- United Press International ( America )

3. Reuters -------- Reuter’s News Agency ( Britain )

4. PA -------- Press Association ( Britain )

5. AFP ------ Agence France Presse ( France )

6. DPA ---------------( Germen )

7. ANSA ------------ ( Italy )

8. Tass -------------- Russia

9. Press Trust of India ---------- ( India )

10. Kuydo News Service ---------- Japan

11. Xinhua News Agency --------- China

● CNN --------- Cable News Network

II. 名词作定语

1. bankruptcy lawyer 处理破产诉讼的律师 bankrupt businessman破了产的商人

2. economy measure 节约措施 economic measure经济措施

3. efficiency expert 研究提高工作效率的专家 efficient worker工作效率高的工人

4. obesity specialist 肥胖病专家 obese specialist胖专家

5. riot police 防暴警察 riotous police闹事的警察

6. capacity audience 满座的听众或观众 capacious room 宽敞的房间

8. debt specialist处理债务问题的专家

9. Gulf War 海湾战争

10. affluence society 富裕社会

11. fire department 消防署/队

12. drug ring 毒品或贩度毒集团 drug team 缉毒队

III. Acoronym

1. AID ----- Agency for International Development

2. AIDS ------ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

3. APEC ------ Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum

4. ATM ------ Automatic Teller Machine

5. CD ------ Compact Disk

6. CEO ----- Chief Executive Officer

7. CIA ---- Central Intelligence Agency

8. CIS ----- Commonwealth of Independent States

9. DNA -------deoxyribonucleic acid

10. EU ------ European Union

11. FAQ ----- Frequently Asked Questions

12. FBI ------ Federal Bureau of Investigation

13. GMT ----- Greenwich Mean Time

14. GNP ---- Gross National Product

15. IMF ------ International Monetary Fund

16. KIA ------ Killed in Action

17. LCD ------- Liquid Crystal Display

18. M&A ------ Merge and Acquisition

19. MIA ------ Missing In Action

20. MIT ------- Massachusetts Institute of Technology

21. M.P ------ Member of Parliament

22. NASA ------ National Aeronautics and Space Administration

23. NATO ------ North Atlantic Treaty Organization

24. NBA ------ National Basketball Association

25. POW ------ Prisoner Of War

26. SEZ ------ Special Economic Zone

27. Sonar ------ Sound navigation ranging

28. UFO ------ Unidentified Flying Object

29. WHO ------ World Health Organization

30. WTO ------ World Trade Organization

31. BBC ------ British Broadcasting Corporation

32. DIY ------ do it yourself

33. DJ ----- disk jockey Dow Jones & Co.

34. DVD ------ digital video disc

35. IBM ------ Inter-continental Ballistic Missile

36. IBM ------ International Business Machines

37. IDD ------ International Direct Dial

38. IOU ------ I own you

39. IP ------ Internet Protocol

40. IT ------ information technology

41. LA ------ Los Angeles

42. NY ------ New York

43. Nasdaq ------ National Association of Securitied Dealers Automated Quotations

44. NYSE ------ New York Stock Exchange

45. Opec ------ Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

46. SIM ------ Subscribers’ Identification Module

47. VCD ------ video compact disc

48. VIP ------ Very Important Persons

IV. Abbreviations

1. ad ------advertizement 2. agro ------ agricultural

3. brunch ------ breakfast lunch 4. dorm ------ dormitory

5. expo ------ exposition 6. ecopolitics ------ economic politics

7. econotrade ------ economic trade 8. flu ------ influenza

9. frige ------ refrigerator 10. gym ------ gymnasium

11. copter ------ helicopter 12. motel ------ motor hotel

13. lab ------ laboratory 14. paratrooper ------ parachute trooper

15. Interpol ------ International Police 16. telecast ------- television broadcast

17. slurb ------ slum suburb 18. smog ------ smoke fog

19. medicare ------ medical care 20. sci-fi film ------science-fiction film

21. teleconference ------ telephone conference 22. N-test ------ nuclear test

23. L. America ------ Latin America 24. S. Africa ------ South Africa

25. sub-------- submarine 26. vet ------- veteran

27. exam -------- examination

V. Midget words

1. TV Airs “Facts” on Arms Delivery. To make known

2. Soviets Assail US on A-test to criticize strongly

3. Governor to Axe Aide? To dismiss from a job

Labour Axe Colleges in Tory Towns to cut, destroy, take away

4. Unions Back Peace Move to support

5. Union Balks at Court Order to refuse to accept

6. Bus Ban on Pupils after Attack on Crew prohibition

7. Club Faces Shutdown for Barring Women not to allow, exclude

8. Man Claims Ghost Sighting to declare to be true

Bombs Claim 40 to kill

9. Pay Pits Deal Hope agreement

10. Peace Drive Succeeds campaign, effort

11. Greek FM Due Today expected

12. American Envoy Taken Hostage diplomat

13. Women’s Groups Eye Court Vote to watch with interest

14. FBI Foils Bid to Hijack Plane to Iran to prevent from succeeding

15. Jewel Heist Foilled theft

16. Fuel Strike Hits Hospital to affect badly

17. 7 Hold for Gambling to keep in police control; detain

18. Thailand, Malaysia Ink Sea Treaty to sign

19. Warsaw Pact Lashes out at Nato Missile Plan to criticize strongly; accuse

20. PM Lauds Community Spirit to praise

21. Israel Softens Line position; demand

22. Carter Man in China representative

23. Jail Ordeal Ends painful experience, drama

24. Minister Quits: Tired of Office an important government position

25. Pit Talks End coal mine

26. Swedish Poll Shows Swing to Right election, public opinion survey

Voters Go to the Polls in Japan voting station

27. Jail Chief Sacked dismiss from a job

28. 14 Held for US Embassy Sacking to search thoroughly and rob

29. New Stance Toward Power Cuts attitude; way of thinking

30. Rainy Season Stems Refugee Exit to prevent or stop

31. Drug Swoop in Mayfair sudden attack or raid

32. Peace Talks Threatened discussions

33. Post Office Profits Top $40 M to exceed

34. Senate Trims Budget to cut

35. Irish Top Ranks Vie for Office to compete

36. Factory Walkout Threat over Sacking strike (often unofficial)

37. Reagan Weighs Tax Increase to consider

VI. Famous universities in America and Britain

America

The Ivy League: Brown University Columbia University Cornell University

Dartmouth College Harvard University University of Pennsylvania

Princeton University Yale University

Stanford M.I.T. Julliard School

Britain

Oxford University Cambridge University London University

VII. Headlines

1. Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered: An Italian Ex-mayor is Murdered

2. Married Women to Get Care Allowance: Married Women Are to Get Care Allowance

3. Rail Chaos Getting Worse: The Rail Chaos Is Getting Worse

4. No Survivors in Gulf Air Crash: There are No Survivors in the Gulf Air Crash

5. Alaskan Oil for Japan: Will There Be Alaskan Oil for Japan?

6. Have Dollars, Will Sell : If You Have Dollars, They Will Sell

7. Ballots, Not Bullets: Algerians Want Ballots, Do Not Want Bullets

8. When America Itself Is the Target: When America Itself Is the Target, the Reaction in America Has Been Much Greater Than That in Britain to the Bombs in Docklands and Manchester)

9. Thailand, Malaysia Ink Sea Treaty: Thailand And Malaysia Ink a Sea Treaty

10. Woman Kills Husband, Self: A Woman Kills Her Husband and Herself

11. Volunteer, Terrorist Killed in an Ambush: A Volunteer and a Terrorist Are Killed in an Ambush

12. Chinese Cooks: Masters at Turning a Turning a Turnip into a Flower: Chinese Cooks Are Masters at Turning a Turning a Turnip into a Flower

13. Mao: We Should Support Third World Countries: Mao Says That We Should Support the Third World Countries

14. 13 Die as Crowded Van Crosses M4: 13 Persons Died as Crowed Van Crossed M4

15. Jeweler Is Slain: A Jeweler Was Slain

16. Schools Ask Parents for Money Toward Books: Schools Are Asking Parents for Money Toward Books

17. Swedish Oil Deliveries Halt as Strike Spreads: Swedish Oil Deliveries Will Halt as Strike Spreads

18. EU Plans to Boost France’s Recovery: EU Plans Have Boosted France’s Recovery

19. Peking to Fire Test Rocket to South Pacific: Peking is to/is going to Fire Test Rocket to South Pacific

20. At Least 4 to Leave Cabinet as Clinton Begins New Transition: At Least 4 Are Going to Leave Cabinet as Clinton Begins New Transition

VII. Vocabulary

1. Politics:

Britain:

Parliament: House of Lords ( the Upper House )----Lord High Chancellor; House of Commons ( the Lower House )---- Speaker MP ( member of Parliament)

The Labour Party and the Conservative Party

America:

Secretary of State the Democratic Party the Republican Party

Congress Senate ---- the President of the Senate House of Representatives ---- the Speaker of the House or the House Speaker

Election

Midterm election 中期选举 Off-year election 非大选年的选举

Redistricting 选区重划 Political Action Committee 竞选活动委员会

Caucus 政党地方组织骨干会议 Primary 党内选举

Super Tuesday 超级星期二 Front loading 前期吃重或头重脚轻的预选

Positive campaigning 积极的正面竞选 Negative campaigning 攻击性竞选活动

High road竞选的）正道 Low road （竞选的）歪道

Front runner 领先者 Gender gap 性别差异

Matching funds 对等资金 Public finding 公共资助

Bundling 捆绑资金 Convention （政党）代表大会

Platform 政纲 Protest vote 投抗议票

Plurality rule 简单多数原则

2. Generation:

Babyboom Generation:婴儿潮一代

Beat Generation:垮了的一代

GI Generation: government issue generation 美国军人的一代

Lost generation: 迷惘的一代

Me generation:自我为中心的一代

Sandwich generation: 夹心的一代

Silent/Silence generation: 静默的一代，心满意足的一代

Stolen Generation: 被偷走的一代

Thirteenth Generation:第13代， 无名的一代

Generation E ( entrepreneur ): 年轻企业家一代

Generation gap: 代沟

Generation X:X一代，被认为是“被遗忘的一代”

Generation XXL:特大号的一代

Generation Y: Y一代， 他们拥有的是因特网。

3. 委婉语

comfort woman ----- military prostitute comfort station: military brothel

call girl/ street walker ---- prostitute the oldest profession in the world ---- prostitution

social disease ---- venereal disease destabilize ---- subvert

preventive action ---- illegal activities incursion ---- invasion

preemptive action/ preventive strike(war)/ protective reaction ---- aggression

pacification/ air support ---- bombing payload ---- warhead

phased withdrawal/ strategic withdrawal/ retrograde maneuver ---- rout/heavy defeat

retrograde maneuver ---- retreat atomic device ---- atomic bomb

vehicle ---- missile one-way mission ---- suicidal attack

collateral damage ---- civilian casualities strategic village/hamlet ---- concentration camp

energetic disassembly ---- nuclear accident revenue enhancement ---- tax increase

inoperative statement / terminological inexactitude---- lie

concede the election ---- admit defeat ( in the election )

take a walk ---- leave the party entitlement(s) program ---- social security program

welfare mother ---- jobless mother

poor ---- the culturally disadvantaged/the deprived/ the disadvantaged/ the have-nots/ the indigent/the needy/ the culturally deprived/ the underprivileged

the poor nations ---- the South/ the Third World/ the Fourth World/ the developing nations/ the underdeveloped nations

the old ---- the graying Army/ the senior citizens/ the aged/ the aging/ the sunset years/ getting on in years/ past one’s prime/ feeling one’s age/ the second childhood/ stricken in years

dismiss/ sack/ fire ---- ease out/ get the walking ticket ( papers) / lay off/ select out/ show sb the door/ slim

4.EU

anti-European 反欧洲（统一）派（的） euro 欧元

Eurodefense 欧洲防御 Eurodoubts对欧洲统一的怀疑（症）

Eurofanatic 狂热支持欧洲者 Europhile 亲欧盟者

Europhobe 恐欧盟者 Europhoria 对欧洲统一的兴奋（症）

Euroskeptic 欧洲怀疑论者（的） Opt-out 不参与

Opt-out clause 不参与条款 Pro-European 亲欧派（的）

5．常见借喻词 （metonymy）

bald eagle ------ bald political leaders Broadway ---- American drama circle

capitol ---- state government in America Capitol ( Hill )---- American parliament

Donkey ----( America) the Democratic Party

Elephant ---- (America) the Republican Party

Hollywood ---- American entertainment industry

John ---- American Langley ---- CIA

Madison Avenue ---- American Ad industry Oval Office ---- office of American President

Pentagon ---- American Defense Department

Uncle Sam ----- American government or American

Wall Street ---- American Financial center Washington ---- American government

White House ---- American Administration

Buckingham Palace ---- residence of British royal family

City ---- British financial/business circle

Downing Street ---- British government Lion ---- Britain

London ---- British government Scotland Yard ---- London police

Westminster ----- British government Windsor ---- British loyal family

Whitehall ---- British government and its policy

Andea ---- Latin America Kremlin/Moscow ---- former Soviet Union; Russia

Evan ---- Russian Zhongnanhai/Beijing ---- China; Chinese government

6. American film rating system:

G-rated: also called family films/movies; general audience

M-rated films: mature audience

R-rated films: restricted

X-rated films

NC-17: no children under 17 admitted

XXX-rated films

PG-films: parental guidance

PG-13: parent guidance suggested under 13

Those in G category would be family movies; the others would be M (suggested for mature audiences), R ( restricted to persons 16 or older unless accompanied by a parent or guardian), or X ( no one under 16 admitted under any circumstances ).

7. –gate: scandal

Watergate 水门事件/丑闻 Debategate 辩论丑闻

Koreagate韩国丑闻 Irangate 伊朗丑闻

Whitewatergate白水门丑闻 Monicagate/Zippergate性丑闻

Richgate ( Pardongate ) 里奇/特赦丑闻 Camillagate情妇丑闻

8. 间谍用语

agent provocateur 密探 asset 关系，眼线

bagman 从事收买的特工 blown （间谍）被发现的

boxed 被测谎过的 brainwashed 心理经过调试的

burnt 身份暴露的 cobbler 伪造着

code-name 化名 comint 通讯情报

cut-off man 联络员 cut-out 中间人

desk man 总管 disinformation 假情报

double agent 双重间谍 drop / dubok 信箱/无人情报交接处

elint 电子情报 Farm （间谍）培训学校

Field agent/man 外调特工 Flaps and seals 启封课

Honey trap 美人计 Humint 人工情报

Illegals （无外交身份和豁免权的）间谍（网） Legend 间谍的化名和伪造的履历

Misinformation 假情报 Mole 长期潜伏的间谍

Music box 发报机 Naked 无掩护和支持的

Nash 我方的一员 Onetime pad 简单的，只能用一次的编码法

Paroles 暗号 Playback （被捕间谍）被迫继续向己方发送 （情报）

Plumbing 秘密机构 Raven 美人计中的男间谍

Resident director 情报站站长；间谍网头头 Safe house 密点

Secret secret service officer 情报机关的情报人员 Sigint 电讯情报

Sleeper 潜伏间谍 Spook 间谍，特务

Stringer 兼职间谍 Swallow 美人计中的女间谍

Swim 外出活动，旅行 Take 情报成果

Terminate with extreme prejudice 暗杀 Triple agent 三重间谍

Turned 被说服或收买的 Walk-in 主动提供情报或支持的志愿人员

Watcher 主管监视怀疑对象的情报人员 Wet job 流血/暗杀行动

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