小学英语语法集训之一:

第一课 名词

I. 名词分类：可数名词 不可数名词

1、  名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
不可数名词——数不清（没有复数）
例如：drink milk  tea  water  orange  juice  coke  coffee  porridge
food rice  bread  meat  fish  fruit  cake  dumplings

2、可数名词单数前面加不定冠词a(an)，表示一个，有复数形式，表示复数概念，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式
many“很多”+可数名词复数
much“很多”/a little “一点”+不可数名词
some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。

3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰
不可数名词表示数量时需要用  数词 +量词 +of + 名词
对可数名词的数量提问用how many
对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much

4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：
1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of  ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of  ,most of 等。

例：There is much water in the bottle.
I'll tell you much good news.
we should collect some useful information.
2）用单位词表示。
用a ... of 表示。
如　a cup of （　一杯......），a bottle of （一瓶......）
　　a piece of （　一张......），a pair of shoes（一双鞋）
如two cups of tea（两杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五张纸）
注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式；千、百等数词与名词加用，表示复数时，数词仍保持单数，名词变复数。
如two hundred students（200名学生）
　　ten thousand trees（10000棵树）
考点He caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼（此处为许多条鱼，fish的复数仍为fish）


5、可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身，在其前面加a或an。
1）单数
如a desk（一张桌子）
　　an old desk（一张旧书桌）
2）复数：要表示一个以上概念时，要用名词复数形式
规则变化
1）一般情况下加-s　
如book—books, 　desk—desks,   cat-cats,    bed-beds
2）以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es
如box—boxes, 　bus—buses,   brush-brushes,   watch-watches
注意①以th结尾加-s, month--months
②stomach--stomachs
3)以辅音字母+结尾，变y为i再加- es。
如city--cities(城市)  country--countries(国家)
注意以元音+y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩)
4)以f或fe结尾，复数变f或fe为v再加-es
如knife-knives(书) ,  half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)
注意①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋顶)
5)以o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es
如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)
potato-potatoes(土豆)
(2) 元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s
如piano-pianos (钢琴),  zoo-zoos(动物园)
photo-photos (照片),  kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)
kilo-kilos(千克)
注意zero 两种方式都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)
不规则变化
1) 元音字母发变化。
如man--men(男人) ， woman--women(妇女)
tooth--teeth(牙齿)  ， foot--feet(脚)
mouse--mice(老鼠)  ， policeman--policemen(警察)
policewoman--policewomen(女警察)
2) 词尾发生变化。
如child--children(小孩)  ， ox--oxen(公牛)
3) 单、复数形式相同。
如fish--fish(鱼) ，sheep--sheep(绵羊) ，deer--deer(鹿) ，Chinese--Chinese(中国人) ，yuan--yuan(元) ，jinn--jinn(斤)
  注意不说an English，要说an Englishman.
①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。
②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。
4) 形似单数，实为复数意义。
如people(人，人们)these people
(不说a people，可说a person)
police(公安，警察)ten police
(不说a police，可说a policeman)
5) 由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。
如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)
a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)
6) 合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。
如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)
bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)
注意如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。如：
grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)
letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱)
注意①hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果，则需用这两个词的复数形式。
如would you like some more fruit?  你要不要再吃点水果？
we bought a lot of fruit from the market.  我们从市场上买了许多水果，
china has some good frits.  中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)
she has a few white hairs.  她有几要白头发。
his black hair is going white.  他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。
注意②wind ,snow和rain这类词，有时也可以有复数形式，表示多次的风、雪或雨。
注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。
如  boy student-boy students(男学生)
girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)
7) 有些名词只有作复数。
如scissors(剪刀) a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)

trousers(裤子); shorts(短裤); jeans(工装裤); scales(天平), sunglasses(太阳镜);名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词，其复数形式通常与简单名词一样，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)
  Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意German不是复合词，它的复数是Germans。

练习：

一． 写出下列名词的复数形式

1. this ______     2. watch______     3. child ______    4. photo ______    5. diary ______  

6. day ______    7. foot ______     8. dress ______   9. tooth ______

10. sheep ______     11. box ______     12. peach______     13. sandwich ______    

14. man ______      15. woman ______     16. city ______     17. zoo ______

18. country ______     19. mouse ______    20. car ______     21. fox ______

22. tree ______     23. horse ______     24. bus ______      25. leaf ______

26. life ______     27. thief ______     28. book ______    

二． 按要求填入单词的适当形式

1. Two ______ live in this building. (family)

2. Look at those _______. (child)

3. I can see a ______ standing near the door. (policeman)

4. There are some ______ on the table. (glass)

5. Would you like some ______? (bread)

6. I have two ______. (sister)

7. I like ______. (cat)

8. Do you want some ______ for supper? (potato)

9. He has two ______. One is old, the other is new. (watch)

10. In autumn, you can see a lot of ______ on the ground. (leaf)

11. I have two _______.  (knife)

12. There are two ______ in the zoo. (fox)

13. There are many ______ on the road. (bike)

14. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (child)

15. The _____ are playing football now. (student)

16. Please take two ______ for me. (photo)

17. I like the red _______. (tomato)

18. Would you please clean your ______ now? (tooth)

19. Do you want some ______? (milk)

20. There are ten ______ ______ in our school. (English teacher)

三． 选择下列正确的单词或词组。

1. Do you drink much (milk, milks)?

2. I visited (Tom, Tom’s) house yesterday.

3. He had two (cup, cups) of tea.

4. This is (Tom and Mary’s, Tom’s and Mary’s) house.

5. Give me a (piece of, X) paper, please.

6. I don’t want (a, an) old cap.

7. Look at those (sheep, sheeps).

8. There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.

9. How many (radioes, radios) can you see?

10. That bag is my (father’s, father’s bag).

四． 将下列句子变成复数形式。

1. This is a knife. ________________________________

2. That is a tomato. __________________________________

3. That child is very lovely. _______________________________

4. An Englishman stood there. ______________________________

五. 写出下列名词和词组的所有格

1. a sister ______________________

2. a boy ___________

3. today _______

4. a baby _______

5. a camel ______

6. men _______

7. birds _______

8. two days _______

9. John and Mary （两人共有的）_______

10. John and Mary （两人各自所有的）_________________

六．选择

1. The _____ in near our house are very beautiful.

A. cloth   B. water    C. flowers

2. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.

A. boy    B. toys    C. boies

3. A cat has four _____, doesn’t it?

A. foots    B. feet    C. feets

4. There are three _____ and five _____ in the room.

A. American, Japanese    B. Americans, Japanese    C. American, Japanese

5. Can you see nine _____ in the picture?

A. fish     B. books    C. horse

6. The _____ has two _____.

A. boy; watch    B. boy; watches    C. boys; watch

7. The _____ are flying back to their country.

A. Germany   B. Germanys    C. Germans

8. The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.

A. tooths    B. teeth    C. teeths

9. I saw many ______ in the street.

A. peoples     B. people    C. people’s

10. The green shirt is his _____.

A. brother     B. brothers     C. brother’s

11. They come from different _____.

A. country    B. countries    C. a country    D. countrys

12. How many _____ do you see in the picture?

A. tomatos   B. tomatoes    C. tomato    D. the tomato

13. They are _____.   A. woman teachers    B. women teachers     C. women teacher

D. woman teacher

14. Would you like _____, please?

A. two glass of water    B. two glasses of water    C. two glass of waters    

D. two glasses of waters

15. There are some _____ in these _____.

A. knifes   pencil-boxes    B. knives   pencils-box

C. knives    pencil-box     D. knives   pencils-boxes

16. _____ you _____ by air.

A. Greens, travelling    B. The Green, traveling

C. The Greens, travel    D. The Greens, traveling

17. I wonder why ____ are interested in action films.

A. the people    B. people    C. peoples    D. the peoples

18. There is no _____ in the plate.

A. apples    B. oranges    C. rice     D. eggs

19. My uncle has three _____.

A. child    B. childs    C. children     D. childrens

七. 用’s或s’替换下列词组

1. the leg of the boy _______________

2. the key of the girl _____________________

3. the tail of the cat __________________

4. the friend of my father’s ________________

5. the toys of the boy _______________________

6. the songs of the birds _______________________

7. The servants of the queen _______________________

8. the shirts of the men _____________________________

9. the violin of the girl __________________________

10. the pen of John _____________________________

名词单复数的讲解-小学英语语法