高英第六册修辞整理（仅供参考）

Lesson one

1 This is, in some ways an admirable solution. Irony

2 however Malthus was himself not without a certain felling of reasonability. Double negative

4 The elimination of the poor is nature’s way of improving the race. Irony

5 It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise. Double negative irony

6 It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon irony

7 The allegation of government incompetence is associated in our time with the general condemnation of the bureaucrat–again excluding those associated with national defense. The only form of discrimination that is still permissible–that is, still officially encouraged irony

8 When these aberrations have occurred they have, oddly enough, all been in the Pentagon. Irony

.9 All this would seem a considerable achievement for incompetent and otherwise ineffective people. Alliteration

10 The second design in this great centuries-old tradition is to argue that any form of public help to the poor only hurts the poor. Irony

11 this is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction. Irony metaphor

12 Can we really believe that any considerable number of the poor prefer welfare to a good job? Or that business people–corporate executives, rhetorical question

13 Again, expenditure on national defense is excepted. Irony

14 This is possibly the most transparent of all of the designs;

Irony

15 Freedom we rightly cherish. Cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need. Inversion

16. Whether they be in Ethiopia, the South Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, irony

17 All, save perhaps the last, are in great inventive descent from Bentham, irony

18 and his colleagues are clearly in a notable tradition irony

19 So are the philosophers now celebrated in Washington: George Gilder, a greatly favored figure of the recent past, irony

20 he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles. Irony

Lesson 2

1 But these mark of wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song simile allusion

2 the memories of this trip have colored my life. Flashback

3 in this deep and room box were packed our camping equipment and food supplies inversion

4 one big kettle stood up on three long legs to sit over a fire personification

5 its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling simile

6 as an added treat papa sometimes would cut the heart out of a cabbage palmetto simile

7 the burly arms of the oaks were huge with and ……….the woods were tossing with jewels simile

8 not without trepidation, papa made arrangements……. double negative

9 17 段最后一句 was not dissimilar to the ……… double negative

10 there was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters …………understatement

11 there was also, and most important, a cook stove ……periodic sentence

12 20 段 倒数第二句 that quacked us awake at …..onomatopoeia

13 the big house in the trees looked safe and sturdy…..alliteration

14 suddenly, sometime that summer, a day came when all work ceased…………periodic sentence

Lesson 3

1. The human attack on the ecosphere has instigated an ecological counterattack. Metaphor

2...the accident at Chernobyl amounts to a serious but local fire that destroyed the plant. Anti-climax

3. But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals in goods-things that serve a useful purpose –this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads” pun

4.The purpose is less a lament over the war’s numerous casualties than an inquiry into ……metaphor

Lesson 4

1. Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presence---the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby. Personification

2. They might have followed the boys out from town…..subjunctive mood

3. How all my own territory would be altered, as if a landside ….metaphor, simile

4. A common name, A stupid flat-faced child with dirty blond hair. Elliptical sentences

5….leaving husband and house and all the things acquired…. alliteration

6….a long necessary voyage from the house of marriage metaphor

7. ….was it delicacy or disapproval? alliteration

8. All that afternoon that the men were gone I was full of happy energy transferred epithet

9. I stood …., when we were soaked and safe and ….. alliteration

Lesson five

1. Had that been so, the Indians, for whom the radio was even more favorable,……over the seas. Subjunctive mood

2. termed the “hedgehogs”, who know one big thing, as against the “foxes”, who know many small things. metaphor

3. Yet most of the time Americans have foxily mistrusted…

4. Ideology thus presupposes…to the custody of an infallible priesthood. satire

5.第16段多处against, a universe parallelism

6. …against the notion that all answers ….. in the back of some sacred book sarcasm(讽刺，挖苦)

7. But ideology is a drug. metaphor

8. But the only certainty in an absolute system is the certainty of absolute abuse. Repetition

Lesson 7

1. We observe today not a victory of the party but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end as well as a beginning---signifying renewal as well as change. Repetition, balanced structure

2. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. Contrast

3. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe---the belief come not from the …but from the hand of God. Biblical language

4. Let the world go forth from this time and place, to friends and foe alike. Alliteration

5….that torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans…metaphor

6….oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty alliteration

7. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do---for we dare not meet a powerful challenge… antithesis

8. 6,7,8段以“to those”开头 repetition

9….those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. Metaphor

10.If a free society can not help the many who are poor, it can not save the few who are rich. Antithesis

11.But this peaceful revolution cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Metaphor

12. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its house. Metaphor

13….our last best hope have in an age where the instrument of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace. Antithesis

14. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. Emphatic structure, repetition

15….yet both racing to alter that uncertain ……stays the hand of mankind’s final war. Synecdoche

16. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate. Chiasmus

17. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Antithesis

18’ to “undo the heavy burdens…and let the oppressed go free” biblical quotation

19. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion…metaphor

20. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest…..inversion

21. …..not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need---not as a call to battle, though embattled we are repetition，antithesis

22. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance alliteration

23. –and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. Metaphor

24. Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. Antithesis, repetition

Lesson 9

1.They say “Aiken” and you see a white butterfly glance off a fence with a torn wing. Metaphor

2.These sugar-brown Mobile girls move through the streets without a stir. They are as sweet and plain as buttercake. Metaphor

3.The dreadful funkiness of passion, the funkiness of nature, the funkiness of the wide range of human emotions. Irony, repetition

4.They worry, worry, worry about the edges of their hair. Repetition

5.What they do not know is that this plain brown girl will build her nest stick by stick, make it her own inviolable world, and stand guard over its every plant… metaphor

6. Eyes that questioned nothing and asked everything. Antithesis

7. Pecola backed out of the room, staring at the pretty milk-brown lady in the pretty gold-and-green house who was talking to her through the cat’s fur. Irony

补充

1. Murray is the voice of Spencer in our time. Antonomasia

2．It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon metonymy

高英精读6修辞整理知识讲解