Period Three　Using Language

1

用法点拨

The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund.

那位作家亲自捐赠了5 000英镑给地震基金。

He offered to contribute to the Red Cross.

他主动向红十字会捐款。

Why don’t you contribute to English Weekly?

你为何不向《英语周报》投稿？

归纳拓展

contributor n．投稿者；捐助者

contribution n．贡献；捐献；捐助；投稿

contribute to为……作出贡献；把……投入；给……投稿；有助于，促使

make a contribution to...对……作出贡献

佳句背诵

(1)Plenty of fresh air contributes to health.

足够的新鲜空气有助于健康。

(2)The old man has contributed a lot to his company.

这位老人为他的公司作出了很大贡献。

(3)I have contributed several articles to Beijing Evening News，but none of them have been published.

我已经给《北京晚报》投了好几篇稿，可一篇也没发表过。

2

Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using make＋a＋noun.观察下面的动词然后转换成make＋a＋noun结构。(回归课本)

用法点拨

The dam is still under construction.

大坝仍在建造中。

This is a perfect construction.

这是一个完美的建筑。

The tunnel was constructed in 1996.

这条隧道是1996年修建的。

归纳拓展

under construction＝being built在建造中

construction industry建筑业

a construction firm建筑公司

construct v．建造；构筑

constructor n．建造者，建设者

constructive adj.建设性的，有益的

完成句子

(1)They are going to construct_a_bridge(建一座桥)over the river.

(2)He works in_a_construction_firm(在一家建筑公司)．

(3)He has played a valuable_and_constructive(重要而积极的)role in the project.

3

The Christian Church rejected his theory，saying it was...基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说……(回归课本)

用法点拨

I don’t want to reject any help.

我不想拒绝任何帮助。

Reject all the spotted apples.

扔掉所有带斑点的苹果。

He rejected my suggestion.

他拒绝了我的提议。

归纳拓展

reject sth. out of hand坚决拒绝……，彻底否决……

reject n．废品；下脚料；落选者

rejection n．拒绝接受；否定；冷落

佳句背诵

(1)The government have rejected the plan out of hand.

政府彻底否决了这项计划。

(2)The man rejected the baby in the field.

那人把婴儿丢在田野中。

(3)Fear of rejection prevents many people from forming close relationships.

害怕遭受冷落使许多人不敢与人建立密切关系。

4

I will need to be/become positive.我将需要变得积极一点儿。(回归课本)

用法点拨

I have positive attitude to everything.

我对每件事都采取积极的态度。

They are not positive of/about my honesty.

他们不相信我是诚实的。

We couldn’t be sure if her reaction would be positive.

我们不能确定她的反应会不会是赞同的。

归纳拓展

be positive of/about...确信……，肯定……

be positive about...乐观的/积极的

a positive result良好的结果

to have a good/bad/positive/negative attitude towards sb./sth.对某人(或事物)持好的/坏的/肯定的/否定的态度

完成句子

(1)Are_you_positive(你确定)that there’s been no mistake?

(2)Students learn better in_this_positive environment(在这样良好的环境中)．

(3)You have every reason to be_positive_about_the_future(对未来感到乐观)．

5

His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公诸于世，而他却小心谨慎。(回归课本)

用法点拨

He is very enthusiastic about the plan.

他对这项计划十分热心。

My parents are enthusiastic skiers.

我的父母是滑雪迷。

归纳拓展

be enthusiastic for/about sth.对某事热心

enthusiastically adv.热情地

enthusiasm n．热心，热情；狂热；后面常加for

enthusiast n．热衷者，热心者

佳句背诵

(1)For a while，we were enthusiastic about the idea.

我们曾一度对这个想法很感兴趣。

(2)His enthusiasm for music has stayed strong throughout his 23 years in radio.

在整整23年的电台生涯里，他一直酷爱着音乐。

(3)Business leaders gave an enthusiastic welcome to the proposal.

商界领袖热烈欢迎这项提议。

6

...，but Copernicus was cautious.但哥白尼却小心谨慎。(回归课本)

用法点拨

He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.

他骑自行车的时候很小心。

Companies seem cautious about investing money in research and development.

公司在研究开发方面的投资似乎比较谨慎。

She approached the horse cautiously.

她小心翼翼地靠近那匹马。

归纳拓展

be cautious about对……谨慎

caution n．小心，谨慎

with caution小心地

cautiously adv.小心地，谨慎地

完成句子

(1)He is_very_cautious_about_me(对我很谨慎)．

(2)He was very_cautious_about_his_work(对工作非常谨慎)．

(3)We were instructed to act_with_caution(小心行事)．

7

Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。(回归课本)

用法点拨

There have been several movements for reform over the last century.

在过去的一个世纪里出现了数次改革运动。

The injury has restricted the movement in his arm.

他的胳膊因受伤而行动不便。

归纳拓展

move v．移动；进展；搬家

movements (pl.)活动

moveable/movable adj.可移动的；可活动的

佳句背诵

(1)The agreement governs the free movement of goods between countries.

该协议规范各国间货物的自由流动。

(2)We have seen a growing movement towards natural medicine.

我们已注意到有一种越来越趋向自然医学的倾向。

(3)Their job is to monitor the movements of the suspected terrorists.

他们的任务是监视恐怖嫌疑分子的行动。

8

Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。(回归课本)

用法点拨

The origins of the universe are still a mystery.

宇宙的起源仍然是个谜。

We are the only form of intelligent life in the universe.

我们是宇宙中唯一有智能的生命形式。

归纳拓展

in the universe天底下

universal adj.全世界的；普遍的；通用的

universally adv.通用地，普遍地

佳句背诵

(1)The proposal has not met with universal agreement.

这项提议未能得到全体的一致同意。

(2)He thinks he’s the best­looking man in the universe.

他认为自己是全天下最英俊的男人。

9

Apart_from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语。(回归课本)

用法点拨

Apart from maths，she is good at English.

除了数学以外，她还擅长英语。

Bananas have a great deal of sugar apart from water.

香蕉除了水分之外还含有大量糖分。

All the children like music apart from Bobby.

除了博比外所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。

归纳拓展

apart from＝besides，in addition to，except for

与apart有关的短语：

fall apart 散开，拆散

set apart储存；放在一边

tear apart撕开，拆散

tell apart区分开

翻译句子

(1)Apart from them，I had no one to talk with.

除了他们，我没有可以谈话的人了。

(2)Apart from the cost，it takes a lot of time.

除了费用外，这件事情还要花费很多时间。

I will need to be/become_strict_with...我将需要对……要求严格(回归课本)

用法点拨

His parents are strict with him and his brothers.

他的父母对他和他的兄弟们要求严格。

The teacher is strict in his job.

这位老师对他的工作要求严格。

归纳拓展

be strict with sb.对某人要求严格

be strict in sth.对某事严格

strictly adv.严格地，严厉地

strictly speaking严格地讲；按道理来说

完成句子

(1)He’s quite a strict_trainer(严格的教练)，but we all like him.

(2)Strictly_speaking(按道理来说)，I shouldn’t be here.

(3)Dad is_very_strict_with_us(对我们要求严格)about table manners.

Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make_sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。(回归课本)

用法点拨

What you said makes good sense.

你说的话很有道理。

This sentence doesn’t make sense.

这个句子没有意义。

Your story doesn’t make sense to me.

你编的故事我听不明白。

归纳拓展

make no sense无意义，行不通

make sense of sth.明白，理解(不易懂的事物)

in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说

in no sense决不是，决非

There is no sense in doing sth.做……没有道理/必要

a sense of humor幽默感

完成句子

(1)He has_no_sense_of_time(没有时间观念)．

(2)My English teacher is a man with_a_good_sense_of_humour(很有幽默感)．

(3)No matter how you read，this_sentence_doesn’t_make_(any)_sense(这个句子都讲不通)．

So between 1510 and 1514 he worked_on it，gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.因此，在1510年至1514年间他从事于该研究，并逐渐改善其理论，直到他感觉完美。(回归课本)

用法点拨

He’ll have to work on getting fit before the game.

比赛前他必须努力保持身体健康。

Don’t worry about the matter，I’m working on it.

别担心，我正在处理这事。

归纳拓展

work into插进；引进

work out作出；算出；最后结果为

work off除去；解除；偿清

work up使激动；唤起

完成句子

(1)Try to work_out(算出)how much it will cost.

(2)I have three years to work_off_the_debt(偿清债务)．

(3)—What have you been doing recently?

—I_have_been_working_on_a_new_novel(我一直在忙于写一部新小说)．

1 He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍绕着地球转。

用法点拨

句中的with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth在句中用作状语，其结构为：“with＋名词/代词＋宾补”，这是with的复合结构。能在这种结构中充当宾补的有不定式、分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。它可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随，有时这种结构还可以用作定语。

We found the hotel with the little boy leading us.

在小男孩的指引下，我们找到了那家旅馆。

The thief was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.

小偷被带了进来，两手绑在身后。

The building looks more beautiful with all lights on.

大楼的灯全亮时，大楼看起来更加美丽。

完成句子

(1)He sat there with_a_smile_on_his_face(脸上带着微笑)．

(2)With_nothing_to_do(因无事可做)，we went to the cinema.

(3)The_lady_with_a_necklace_round_her_neck(戴项链的那位女士)is my English teacher.

2 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

用法点拨

only if conj.只有当/只是在……的时候，放在句首时主句要倒装。

Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.

只有找到了工作，我才有足够的钱去上学。

Only if you work hard can you learn English well.

只有努力学习，你才能学好英语。

归纳拓展

only＋状语/状语从句放在句首时，主句要倒装；但是only若修饰主语成分，虽然放在句首，但句子不倒装。

佳句背诵

(1)Only by working hard can we succeed.

只有通过努力工作，我们才能取得成功。

(2)Only when I have seen it with my own eyes will I believe it.

只有当我亲眼看到后我才会相信。

(3)Only No.16 and 19 pandas were chosen as gifts to be given to Taiwan.

只有16号和19号熊猫被选为送给台湾的礼物。

哥白尼的革命性理论

尼古拉·哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教教会势力的惩罚。教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正因为如此，地球就具有特殊的意义，它必定要成为太阳系的中心。

这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有行星环绕着地球转的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。

哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，试图找出问题的答案。他曾经收集过观测星球的数据，并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这些数据。但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。于是，他在1510至1514年间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。

1514年，他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看。他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还自转，这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球的亮度问题。 他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公诸于世，而他却小心谨慎，他不想遭到基督教教会势力的攻击，所以他只是在1543年临终之前才把它公布出来。

当然，他小心谨慎是对的。基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。如今人们可以看到，他的这些想法与艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬·霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford to helping the poor.

2．Einstein put forward his Theory of Relativity，which had great influence on the world of science.

3．He is very old and his movements are getting slower and slower.

4．He always adopts a positive attitude when correcting students’ mistakes.

5．He doesn’t know much about the subject，but he’s very enthusiastic(热心的)．

6．Privately(私下地)speaking，Tom is not worth believing.

7．Don’t be so cautious(谨慎的)about it.

8．The construction (建设)of the bridge will make it possible for us to get to Shanghai within an hour.

Ⅱ.短语填空

apart from,make sense,lead to,cautious about,contribute to,under construction,work on,base...on...

1．Does smoking contribute_to lung cancer?

2．This has led scientists to speculate on the existence of other galaxies.

3．I really think his reason for doing it makes_sense.

4．Which books will you borrow，apart_from this one?

5．He is cautious_about telling secrets.

6．When we got to the hotel，it was still under_construction.

7．The writer is working_on his new book.

8．This movie is_based_on a true story.

Ⅲ.句型转换

1．We should base our theory on facts.

Theory should be based on facts.

2．His carelessness led to the accident.

The accident resulted from his carelessness.

3．He lay in bed，reading a book.

He lay in bed with a book in his hands.

4．Besides some injuries to his face and hands，he broke both legs.

Apart from some injuries to his face and hands，he broke both legs.

5．Have you decided where you can go for your holidays?

Have you made up your mind where to go for your holidays?

Ⅳ.完成句子

1．My brother is very enthusiastic_about_drawing(对画画有热情)．

2．He is cautious_about_everything(对所有的事情小心谨慎)．

3．The path leads_to(通向)the top of the mountain.

4．Sorry，I can’t make_sense_of(理解)what you said.

5．Not everyone is for the idea；some people are_against(反对)it.

6．Can you make_room(让地方)for me?

Ⅴ.单项填空

1．Eating too much fat can________heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

A contribute to B．cause to

C．attend to D．devote to

答案　A

解析　句意为：吃太多的脂肪可能会引起心脏病并且造成高血压。contribute to促进，有助于；cause造成(没有to)；attend to照顾；注意；devote to致力于；贡献。

2．The quarrel________the fighting between the two villagers.

A．brought B．led to C caused to D．took

答案　B

解析　句意为：争吵导致了两个村民之间的打斗。lead to导致，造成。

3．________he was tired，he still went on working hard.

A．For B．Though

C．As D．Since

答案　B

解析　句意为：虽然他很累，他仍然继续努力工作。

4．I had to speak loud to make myself________.

A．hear B．heard

C．hearing D．to hear

答案　B

解析　句意为：我必须大声讲话以便别人能听见。make oneself heard让别人听见自己说的话。

5．His________speech encouraged us greatly and we are full of________now.

A．encouraging；courage B．couraging；encourage

C courage；encourage D．couraged；couragement

答案　A

解析　encouraging令人鼓舞的，鼓舞人心的；courage勇气。

6．We found________impossible to finish the work on time.

A．that B．which C．it D．this

答案　C

解析　句意为：我们认为准时完成这项工作是不可能的。it代替不定式作形式宾语，故选C项。

7．A new crisis has________.

A．risen B．arisen C．raised D．arose

答案　B

答案　arise vi.出现；由……引起；由……而产生。

8．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend.

A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of

答案　A

解析　句意为：由于有两次考试令人担心，我这个周末必须努力学习。with＋宾语＋不定式作宾语补足语，作状语修饰整个句子。

9．You should try to get a good night’s sleep________much work you have to do.

A．however B．no matter

C．although D．wherever

答案　A

解析　句意为：无论你有多少工作要做，你都应该尽力好好的睡上一晚。however＝no matter how。

10．—There’s coffee and tea；you can have________.

—Thanks.

A．either B．each C．one D．it

答案　A

解析　either指两者中任何一个。句意为：——有咖啡和茶，你可以任选一个。——谢谢。

Ⅵ.短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处。

In the past my hometown was\　used to be a beautiful place.Thick trees and green grass could be seen in\　 everywhere.In order to build and grow more crops，people cut down more and more trees.改法① time改法② on，the whole forest was almost destroyed. the green hills have changed into wasteland.As a result，sandstorms us now and then，from which we suffer a lot.，I do hope all the people should realize the result of not caring about our environment.What’s more， should take good care of the forests and plant trees instead cutting them down to improve our living conditions.

Ⅶ.书面表达

学完本单元之后，你班同学就电脑和网络对生活和社会所产生的影响展开了一场讨论。请你根据自己了解的情况，发表一下自己的看法，陈述自己的理由，写一篇120词左右的文章。

注意：1.观点鲜明、合理；

2．论据真实可靠，具有典型性；

3．论证形式合乎逻辑；

4．恰当运用各种表达方式。

【参考范文】

With the development of the Internet，more and more people are sending e­mails and electronic cards.I think this is a good thing.Firstly，compared with the traditional cards，electronic cards are more interesting and lively，because you can get not only pictures but also sounds and even animated cartoons.Secondly，sending electronic cards and e­mails through the Internet is quicker and safer，so it can save a lot of time.Finally，and most importantly，with the popularity of electronic cards，less paper is used to make paper cards and fewer trees will be cut down，which will contribute to the environment protection.

To sum up，the development of the Internet which makes our life easy and convenient is a good thing.

英语知识点新人教版英语高二上Module 5《Unit 1 Great Scientists》word学案之一(1)-总结