小学1-6年级英语知识点大全
发布时间:2020-04-25 00:22:51
发布时间:2020-04-25 00:22:51
1.现在进行时
表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用,结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.如:
It is raining now.外面正在下雨。
It is six o'clock now.现在6点了。
My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.我父母正在客厅看报纸。
Look! The children are having a running race now.看!孩子们正在赛跑!
问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not.
2.一般现在时
表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。
结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.如:
We have an English lesson every day.我们每天都要上英语课。
Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的。
问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don't, doesn't,后面动词一定要还原。
3.一般过去时
表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。
结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。如:
My earphones were on the ground just now.我的耳机刚刚还在呢。
Where were you last week? I was at a camp.你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了。
What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm.你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。
问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。
4.一般将来时
表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。如:
What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。
The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。
Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。
问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.
5.情态动词
can; can't; should;shouldn't; must;may后一定加动词原形。如:
The girl can't swim, but he can skate.女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰。
Don't talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。
6.祈使句
肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。如:
Open the box for me ,please.请为我打开盒子。
Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛,明天请早点起床!
Don't walk on the grass!不要在草地上走!
Helen! Don't climb the tree,please.海伦!不要爬树。
7.go的用法
去干嘛用go +动词ing.如:
go swimming; go fishing;
go skating;
go camping;
go running;
go skiing;
go rowing…
8.比较
than 前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。如:
My mother is two years younger than my father.
我妈比我爸年轻两岁。
Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.刘涛跳得和本一样远
9.喜欢做某事
用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。如:
Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。
The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。
10.想要做某事
用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。例:
I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum.
11.some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用。如:
Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?
12.代词
人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后。如:Open them for me,Let us …, join me等。宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。
形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs。
13.介词
介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式
如:be good at running;do well in jumping;
14.时间介词
季节前,月份前用介词in。如:
in summer;in March.
具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on。如:
on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning.
在几点钟前用介词at。如:
at a quarter to four;
只在上下午晚上用in。如:
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;
但在夜间用at night。
另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.
15.名词复数构成的方法
有规则的有:
(1)直接在名词后加s.如:
orange—oranges; photo—photos;
(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es。如:
box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach—peaches.
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es。如:
study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families.
(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v+es,如:
knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,)
不规则的有:
man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children
16.动词第三人称单数的构成
(1)直接在动词后加s,如:
run—runs; dance—dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es,如:
do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es,如:
study—studies; carry—carries;
17.现在分词的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ing,如:
sing—singing; ski—skiing;
(2)双写词尾加ing,如:
swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;
(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing,如:
ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;
18.规则动词过去式的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ed,如:
clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;
(2)以e结尾的直接加d,如:
dance—danced; taste—tasted;
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed,如:
study—studied;carry—carried;
(4)双写词尾加ed,如:
stop—stopped; jog—jogged;
不规则的有:
am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;
19.形容词副词比较级的构成
规则的:
(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er,如:
small—smaller; low—lower;
(2)以e结尾的加r,如:
late—larer;
(3)双写词尾加er,如:
big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;
(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er,如:
heavy—heavier; early—earlier;
不规则的有:
good, well—better(最高级为best); many, much—more(最高级为most); far—farther.
20.rain与snow的用法
(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词。如:
There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。
(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:动词原形rain, snow;第三人称单数rains ,snows;现在分词raining; snowing;过去式rained; snowed;如:
①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。
②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。
③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。
④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。
(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的,如:
It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow, I'll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。
21.比较级
注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。如:
My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy's. My brother is stronger than me.
22.have, has
表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);There is/ are;
There was/ were 表示某地存在有;注意There be 句型的就近原则;单数或不可数用there is /was;复数用there are/ were.
23.本身就是复数的词
眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。如:
My glasses were on the chair just now.
但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数。如:
There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.
24.五个元音字母
分别是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;
25.一个的用法
a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。如:
There is an 's', a 't', a 'u', a 'd' ,an 'e', an 'n',and a 't' in the word ‘student’.
26.时间表示法
有两种:(1)直接读时钟和分钟。如:
6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;
(2)用to与past表示。在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点。如:
6:10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;
过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分。如:
7:45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;
27.基数词变序数词的方法
基变序有规律,结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth);
ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty—twentieth;forty—fortieth);
几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为twenty-first)。
另外强调序数词前一定要加the。
28.日期的表示法
用the+序数词+ of +月。如:
三月三日 the third of March;
12月25日 the 25th of December.
29.both和all
both 表示两者都,如:
My parents are both teachers.
all表示三者以上都,如:
The students are all very excited.
30.节日的表示法
有day的节日前用on,没有day的节日前用at。如:
at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year's Day.
31.激动兴奋的
excited表示激动地、兴奋地,主语是人;exciting表示令人激动的、令人兴奋的主语是事情。如:
The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的学生都很激动。
32.比较
两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级。如:
Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does.谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。
Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。
Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。
33.动词还原的用法
前面用了do, does did, don't, doesn't didn't后面动词要还原。如:
Did she watch TV last night?
Helen doesn’t like taking photos.
34.到了
到达用get to,但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加to。如:
get home; get here; get there;
另外go home; come here; go there也一样。
35.长着和穿着
长着什么用with,如:
the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;
穿着什么用in,如:
the man in black穿黑衣服的男人;或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女
36.让某人做某事
用let sb后加动词原形,如:
Let’s water the flowers together.
是该做…的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to +动原。帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth。如:
帮我学英语是 help me with my English
37.树上
外来的东西在树上用in the tree,如:
the bird in the tree;
树上长的用on the tree,如:
the apples on the tree
38.运动和乐器
球类之前不加the;乐器之前必须加the。如:
play the piano; play football
39.
一周中的第一天是Sunday; 一年中的第一个月是January。
40.
get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样,如:
get stronger; get longer
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