Period Three　Grammar & Writing

过去分词作定语&用于一般过去时态的时间状语　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

一、过去分词作定语

过去分词有两个显著的特点，即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上讲，表示被动的概念，但是，如果是不及物动词的过去分词形式，则只表示时间上的过去，而没有被动意义。

1．过去分词作定语的位置

(1)单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之前，但修饰代词时，需要置于被修饰词之后。如：

a retired worker一位退休的工人

the given question给定的问题

qualified teachers合格的教师

everybody invited所有被邀请的人

注意：leave的过去分词left表示“剩余的，剩下的”时，置于被修饰词之后。如：

I have only one coin left.

我只剩下一枚硬币了。

(2)过去分词短语作定语要后置，放在被修饰词之后。如：

the languages spoken in Germany

在德国使用的语言

the book written in simple English

用浅显的英语写成的书

2．过去分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句，但它比定语从句更简短。

过去分词短语作后置定语时，如果和中心词之间有逗号，则其可以转换成非限制性定语从句；若无逗号，则其可以转换成限制性定语从句。

I want to take away the book shown to me yesterday.

＝I want to take away the book which was shown to me yesterday.

我想带走(你)昨天给我看的那本书。

The Olympic Games，first held in 776 BC，did not include women competitors until 1912.

＝The Olympic Games，which were first held in 776 BC，did not include women competitors until 1912.

于公元前776年首次举办的奥运会直到1912年才允许女运动员参赛。

3．表示情感的动词的过去分词

有些表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed(失望的)，moved(感动的)，interested(感兴趣的)，surprised(感到惊讶的)，shocked(震惊的，震撼的)，puzzled(迷惑不解的)，frightened(受惊吓的)等。如：a frightened girl一个受惊吓的女孩。

4．不及物动词的过去分词

一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式，由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语，所以不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。如：fallen leaves落叶

5．过去分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成复合形容词作定语

The newly­built hotel was burnt in the fire.

新建的宾馆在火灾中被烧掉。

[即时跟踪1]　用所给动词的正确形式填空

(1)The meeting held(hold) yesterday was important.

(2)We planned to have our picnic in the forest next to a_fallen(fall) tree.

(3)Nobody knows the topic to_be_discussed(discuss) tomorrow.

(4)The problem being_discussed(discuss) now has something to do with our work.

二、用于一般过去时态的时间状语

1．一般过去时表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。这时常与always，usually，often，sometimes，never等时间状语连用。

When I was a child，I often played football in the street.

当我还是个孩子时，我经常在街上踢足球。

I always got up late，and never had enough time for breakfast.

我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。

2．一般过去时表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等。

Where did you go just now?

你刚才去哪里了？

3．有些情况，没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用过去时态。

I didn't know you were so busy.

我事先不知道你这么忙。

I thought you were out.我以为你出去了。

[即时跟踪2]　用所给动词的正确形式填空

(1)—Don't put the waste on the ground.

—Oh，I'm very sorry.I didn't_see(not，see) the dustbin there.

(2)Robert gave(give) me his address the other day，but I'm afraid I have lost it.

(3)Mr Smith came(come) to see you just now.

(4)We often went(go) out for a walk after supper when we lived in the countryside.

(5)The fire broke(break) out during the night.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．A study of travelers conducted(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

2．It was raining lightly when I arrived(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.

3．—Is Peter coming?

—No，he changed(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

4．It was(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.

5．A boy on a bike caught(catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.

6．Then the driver stood up and asked，“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”

7．—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?

—I went to Ningxia and stayed(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.

8．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned(return) to our shop for quality problems.

9．The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great effort.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1．When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I I would be happy there.

2．As I you last time, I made three new friends here.

3．A woman saw him crying and him to wait outside the shop.

4．This morning she barking even before 5 o'clock.

5．I had to calm myself down.Quietly I into the room.

6．I was only four when she away.

7．Do you want to know why we last week?

8．One Sunday morning we fishing at a lake.

写一篇游览类记叙文　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

【文体指导】

以旅游为题材的书面表达是比较常见的一类写作形式，属于记叙文的范畴。游记就是将自己在游览过程中的所见所闻和所想记录下来，重在介绍名胜古迹、风土人情等。写这类记叙文应注意：

1．写作顺序。可以按照旅游日程的时间来写，也可以按照旅游景点的更换来组织文章，这样才能使文章条理清晰、层次清楚。

2．在记叙的过程中应该加大对景点本身的描述，从历史意义、地理位置、景色等方面进行描写，这样能使文章的内容充实饱满。

3．在文章的结尾要抒发自己的体验与感受。

4．游记中动词出现的频率很高，且富于变化。动词时态以过去时为主，这一点要格外留意。

5．方位词的运用。方位词的准确运用能使文章具有鲜明的层次感和立体感。

【常用句式】

1．Last week，I paid a visit to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province with my family.

2．During the National Day，I went to Beijing for five days with my classmates and my teachers.

3．There were so many animals in the Sea Museum，and some of them looked very lovely，for example，penguins，seals and more.

4．Then，we visited the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace，which were both good places to take pictures.

5．Even though my travel seems really short，my memory of the pleasant trip will last long.

6．Summer travel made me get a lot of knowledge and understanding of a lot of history，legend and folklore.

7．Traveling to Beidaihe is always a dream in my heart，so I'll treat it as a chance for me to broaden my horizons.

8．I could not but admit that it was a most pleasant and unforgettable travel.

【写作任务】

去年夏天我和家人到大连旅游，我们参观了海洋公园，观看了海豚的精彩表演。又到海里游泳，后来还去看了一些有名的景点，品尝了那里的名吃。请根据提示，以“An Unforgettable Trip”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文。

参考词汇：海豚dolphin

【审题谋篇】

第一步　明确要求

本文要求写一篇游记类的记叙文。

第二步　确定段落

Part 1　简单介绍行程时间、目的地

Part 2　午饭前的行程和见闻

Part 3　午饭后的行程和感受

第三步　词汇热身

1．海滨城市a_coast_city

2．海洋公园the_Sea_Park

3．各种各样的all_kinds_of

4．吃午饭have_lunch

5．美味的delicious

6．去游泳go_swimming

7．玩得很快乐enjoy_oneself

第四步　句式升级

1．去年夏天，我和家人去了大连。大连是一个美丽的现代化的海滨城市。

(一般表达)Last summer，I went to Dalian with my family.Dalian is a beautiful and modern coast city.

(句式升级)Last summer，I went to Dalian with my family，which_is_a_beautiful_and_modern_coast_city.(非限制性定语从句)

2．我们还看了海豚的表演。然后我们在一家饭店吃了午饭，这家饭店的海洋食品味道鲜美。

(一般表达)We also saw the show of dolphins.Then we had lunch in a restaurant whose seafood was delicious.

(句式升级)Having_seen_the_show_of_dolphins，we had lunch in a restaurant whose seafood was delicious.(现在分词作状语)

3．金色的海滩，蓝色的大海，我们尽情地在海里玩耍。

(一般表达)The sea was blue and the beach was golden，so we enjoyed ourselves in the sea.

(句式升级)We enjoyed ourselves in the blue sea with_the_golden_beach_around.(with复合结构)

【连句成篇】

An Unforgettable Trip

Last summer，I went to Dalian with my family，which is a beautiful and modern coast city.

First we took the bus to the Sea Park.There were so many kinds of animals that I couldn't believe my eyes.Having seen the show of dolphins，we had lunch in a restaurant whose seafood was delicious.

After lunch we went swimming. We enjoyed ourselves in the blue sea with the golden beach around.We also went to some interesting and famous places in Dalian.

I like this trip，and I hope that I can go there again when I have free time.

不论何时，都要尽可能让思考与反省预见到突发的激情，这于审慎者可轻而易举做到。心烦意乱之时，首先要做的就是意识到这一点。先控制住自己的情绪，下决心不再使之加剧。有了这种高明的防范，就能很快终止怒气。要懂得制怒之法，且止息于当止之时：奔跑时停下来最难；狂怒时保持头脑清醒也一样难。过分激动，不论程度高低，都会影响理智。一旦对发怒有了这种警醒，就不会使你因怒气而失控，也不会使你损害良好的辨别力。谨慎地驾驭情绪，就能很好地控制它。你将是马背上第一个理智的人。智者最没有耐性，因为学识减少了他们的耐心。知识渊博的人很难被取悦。俄庀泰特斯告诉我们，生活最重要的准则在于懂得如何忍受一切。他认为这是智慧的一半真谛。容忍愚蠢需要极大的耐心。有时最令我们痛苦的人正是我们最依赖的人，这帮助我们战胜自我。耐心能带来无可估量的内心平静；而内心平静是世间的福祉。不懂得如何容忍他人的人如果还能忍受他自己的话，就应当独处。

2018版高中英语外研版必修一学案：Unit 3 Period Three Grammar& Writing 完美版