2020年湖北省黄冈市麻城实验中学高考英语模拟试卷（五）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

Kids Flying Alone Guide

Before the flight  ：

Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled, you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes. Make sure your child doesn't wear any clothing that has his or her name on it, which would make it easier for a stranger to convince a child he can be trusted.

At the airport   ：

Make sure the flight attendants know that your child is traveling alone. Make sure that he or she will be seated in an area of the aircraft that's convenient for attendants to keep an eye on - the very front of very back of the aircraft is ideal.

Register your child's travel plans with the U        ． S． State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service.

What to pack   ：

Cell phone  ： If your child doesn't have a cell phone, buy him or her a pay-as-you-go phone at a cell phone retailer                  （零售店） so he or she has an easy form of communication for emergencies.

Gift cards  ： Invest in a few pre-paid gift cards worth        ＄25 or ＄50， This will reduce the worry of traveling with a large amount of cash.

Family/friends contact information   ： Give your child a complete list of names, numbers and addresses of the people who are picking your child up at the airport.

1.How much should you pay if your child aged eleven travels alone on a connecting flight by Frontier Airlines                  ？ ______

A. ＄50． B. ＄75． C. ＄120． D. ＄160．

2.What can we learn from the passage      ？ ______

A. Juice or water can't be brought onto the aircraft.

B. Unaccompanied children can't fly on the last flight of the day.

C. Pay-as-you-go phones are provided for free at the airport for children without cell phones.

D. Parents can register children's travel plans with the U        ． S． State Department for free.

3.Which of the following is recommended for unaccompanied children        ？ ______

A. Booking them morning flights.

B. Giving them a large amount of cash.

C. Making them sit in the middle of the aircraft.

D. Dressing them in clothing with their names on it.

B

I once heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true-though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They invite army officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist.

A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says women are no longer the jumping on a chair at the sight of a mouse and an army officer who disagrees and says, "A woman's reaction in any crisis is to scream. And a man has more control than a woman."

The American scientist does not join in the argument but sits and watches the faces of the other guests. As he stares, he sees a slight strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She gestures to the servant standing behind her chair and whispers to him. The servant's eyes widen. He turns quickly and leaves the room. Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the servant place a bowl of milk on the balcony just outside the open glass doors.

In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing         ： bait（诱饵）for a snake. The American understands there must be a snake in the room. His eyes move across the room but see nothing. He realizes the snake can only be in one place - under the table.

His first reaction is to jump back and warn the others. But he knows any sudden movement will frighten the animal into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so arresting that it quietens everyone. "I want to know what control everyone here has. I will count three hundred-that's five minutes - and not one of you is to move a muscle. Ready!"

The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying, "          …two hundred and eighty   …" When out of the corner of his eyes, he sees the snake make for the bowl of milk. Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to close the balcony doors.

"There is your proof!" the host shouts. "A man has just shown us perfect self-control."

"Just a minute," the American says, turning to his hostess, "How did you know that snake was in the room                 ？" With a faint smile coming across her face she replies         ： "Because it was lying across my foot."

4.What can we conclude from the passage      ？ ______

A. Women are afraid of mice.

B. The army officer's opinion is wrong.

C. The American suggests playing a game for entertainment.

D. The hostess has had previous experience catching snakes.

5.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage ______ ．

a. The American's eyes sweep the room but he sees nothing.

b. The American suggests the guests playing a game.

c. Following the instructions, the servant puts out some milk.

d. The hostess is staring ahead, a slight strange look appearing.

e. The American shuts the balcony doors safely, and several screams are let out.

f. The snake edges its way to the bowl of milk.

A. d,c,a,b,f,e B. a,b,c,e,f,d C. d,f,a,b,c,c D. f,e,c,a,d,b

6.Who has real self-control according to the passage       ？ ______

A. The American. B. The army officer.

C. The girl. D. The hostess.

7.What may be the best title for the passage        ？ ______

A. A Heated Argument B. A Striking Dinner Party

C. An Unbelievable Story D. A Smart Hostess

C

You can't walk into the office without Rihanna's voice singing "work work work work work work" in your head. And that one line from Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance" still makes you want to scream. These are commonly known as earworm songs-those sticky tunes that continue to play in your head. A recent study finds that more than 90% of adults report hearing earworm songs on a weekly basis.

Fortunately, most people report earworm songs as pleasant. But others find them annoying or even maddening. "Some people are troubled by them to the point that it disturbs life," says Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis, a professor at the University of Arkansas who has studied earworm songs.

Margulis says earworm songs tend to have some predictable characteristics. For one thing, they tend to small parts of a song-not the whole track. And "the songs you've heard recently also have the most possibility to get stuck in your memory," she says.

But sometimes something strange and unpredictable can also start a track paying in your head. "Once I was at the doctor's office and saw a poster of a man who I thought looked like Gaston-a character from Beauty and the Beast," Margulis recalls. A couple minutes passed, and she realized she couldn't get "Be Our Guest"                                                     ， the song in the movie, out of her head, even though she hadn't thought of the tune in years. In that instance, she was able to identify her earworm's trigger： the Gaston-looking man in the poster. "But the connections can be really unclear," she says.

Margulis points out that, in all of human history, recorded music is a very new phenomenon. She says some have inferred that earworm songs are also new-the unintended consequence of being able to hear the same song played everywhere in the same way over and over again. So far, the convincing explanation for why human beings experience earworm songs remains a mystery. But there are some well-established ways to cast off the earworm songs.

"Finding a mentally demanding task and putting your mind on it usually shifts attention away from internal music. People tend to get earworms when performing tasks that don't require their full attention-stuff like doing the dishes," Margulis says.

Chewing gum can also help. When a song is stuck in our heads, it's almost like we're singing along with it. If you make your mouth do something else-chewing gum, eating a meal or talking with a friend-that can kick out the earworm.

You could also face your enemy. By listening to the full track that includes the passage stuck in your head, you may find "closure" and relief.

8.Which of the following is most likely to be an earworm song           ？ ______

A. A song made up of simple words.

B. A song heard frequently these days.

C. A song sung by a most famous singer.

D. A song learned during one's childhood.

9.What does the underlined word "trigger" in Paragraph 4 mean     ？ ______

A. Type. B. Tune.

C. Cause. D. Characteristic.

10.We can infer that earworm songs may ______ ．

A. result from modern technology B. be experienced over meals

C. help regain lost memories D. hurt one's hearing

11.What is mainly talked about in the last three paragraphs         ？ ______

A. Why we hear earworm songs.

B. Where to find earworm songs.

C. When we hear earworm songs.

D. How to get over earworm songs.

D

How does an ecosystem   （生态系统）work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are          ？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves         ？To find an answer,scientists have built mathematical models of food webs,noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.

With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator                            （掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey       （猎物），the two species are strongly linked     ；when a predator lives on various species,they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species,it can survive the extinction                                     （灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare,the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.

Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s,scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.

And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean,we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.

Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally,the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key,which scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point                                                   （临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.

12.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs            ？ ______

A. The living habits of species in food webs.

B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.

C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.

D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.

13.A strong link is found between two species when a predator ______ ．

A. has a wide food choice

B. can easily find new prey

C. sticks to one prey species

D. can quickly move to another place

14.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4         ？ ______

A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.

B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.

C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.

D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.

15.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance          ？ ______

A. By getting illegal practices under control.

B. By stopping us from killing large predators.

C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.

D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

Do Actions Speak Louder than Words     ？ Our society is fast paced. We are all rushing from one place to the next, blowing our horn at slow drivers who may be singing songs in the car with their children or pointing out some interesting sights. We don't have time for that silliness today. But we try to say to ourselves that we will make time for fun tomorrow. It is time to take a few deep breaths and think about our actions and our words. (1)

Have you ever really thought about the saying "Actions speak louder than words"            ？ Think about it now. If you say one thing and act in an opposite way, will the words be ignored and just the actions remembered                      ？ I don't think so. (2) It is also equally important to use words to show appreciation, love, approval and happiness and then follow those words with a hug, pat on the back or smile.

  (3) What about that saying   ？ True？ Yes! Words carry a lot of weight and will be remembered for years especially when they are written down. Mean words can hurt for that moment and for a lifetime. I am sure that each of us remembers a time when a friend made an unkind comment. (4) Let's not be a member of that "club"      ． When was the last time that you hid a love note in a lunch box or in your mate's coat pocket                    ？ If you want to see a bright smile, that will do it! The power of this written note will be remembered for many days, even years.

"I can live for two months on a good compliment          （夸奖）"，said Mark Twain. Children grow stronger when they feel appreciated and understood. (5) A perfect way to turn a bad day around is to praise your child. "I noticed that your hair looked very nice today." "Did you hang your coat up all by yourself                             ？" It is amazing how those few words can change a child's outlook           …almost immediately. Don't stop there   …One of my sisters ended a phone conversation with three words -"I love you"! Boy, that put a spring in my step! Mark Twain is right. I still feel the positive effect of those three little but very powerful words.



A． The pen is more powerful than the sword.

B． Is it really reasonable to do something like that        ？

C． Do they display the attitude that we want to convey         ？

D． It is important to have your words match your actions.

E． Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.

F． Those words did lasting damage to you, the relationship or both.

G． Don't be afraid to shower your child with encouraging words all day long.

16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）

Nowadays, many of us track our steps with smart watches, pedometers         （计步器） or phone apps and are of course thrilled when we reach that all-important daily goal of 10               ，000 steps. You might(21)that this number has appeared after years of research.

The(22)number "10，000" dates back to a marketing campaign(23)shortly before the start of the1964 Tokyo Olympic Games. A company began(24)a pedometer called the Manpo-kei    ："man" meaning 10，000， "po" meaning(25)and "kei" meaning meter. It was hugely(26)and the number seems to have stuck. Many buyers are appealed by the new device.

Since then, studies have(27)the health benefits of 5   ，000 with 10，000 steps and, not(28)，the higher number is better. But until recently, all the(29)between hadn't been studied. I-Min Lee, a professor of(30)at Harvard Medical School, and her team(31)a group of more than 16    ，000 women in their seventies. Each woman spent a week(32)a device to measure movement during(33)hours. When they(34)the women up an average of four years and three months later, 504 died. How many steps do you think the people alive had been doing                      ？ In fact, the average number for(35)was only 5 ，500 but not 10 ，000． Women who took more than 4    ，000 steps a(36)were significantly more likely to still be alive than those who did only 2            ，700 steps. It's surprising that such a small(37)could have consequences for longevity    （寿命）．

However, physical conditions(38)from person to person, and we should do it wisely. So count if you find it(39) you, but remember there's nothing special about 10     ，000 steps. Set the goal that is(40)for you.

21. A. assume B. admit C. acquire D. afford

22. A. delicate B. ordinary C. abstract D. magic

23. A. recommended B. launched C. stated D. commanded

24. A. marketing B. purchasing C. manufacturing D. donating

25. A. walkers B. runners C. steps D. numbers

26. A. thoughtful B. successful C. plentiful D. powerful

27. A. identified B. displayed C. compared D. compromised

28. A. excitingly B. disappointingly

C. amusingly D. surprisingly

29. A. signs B. strengths C. symbols D. numbers

30. A. psychology B. mathematics C. medicine D. philosophy

31. A. focused on B. took part in

C. got along with D. thought highly of

32. A. associating B. wearing C. undertaking D. claiming

33. A. walking B. sleeping C. running D. shaking

34. A. remarked B. distinguished C. acquainted D. tracked

35. A. women B. deaths C. survivors D. people

36. A. day B. hour C. month D. week

37. A. distance B. growth C. decrease D. difference

38. A. separate B. reflect C. vary D. recover

39. A. distracts B. motivates C. indicates D. accumulates

40. A. challenging B. appropriate C. beneficial D. creative

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

41.2019 is another milestone for China's film industry as eight of the year's top 10            （1）______（high） grossing films in the Chinese mainland's box office charts         （2）______（be） Chinese films. The Chinese mainland's box office hit an all-time high with a total of 63.7 billion yuan               （around 9.1 billion U ．S． dollars）． It remains a difficult task,    （3）______， for Chinese films to appeal to North American moviegoers and achieve similar success             （4）______ national borders. Chinese films have long faced     （5）______ uphill, cross cultural challenge to break the code regarding what attracts international interest. Frequent            （6）______（complain） about Chinese film range from "too different to identify with," or "too long and confusing," or simply "too Chinese." The difference in stories and storytelling styles is significant, because Chinese stories unique to China are                            （7）______（familiar） in the West. Hollywood producer Jeff Most told Xinhua, "These are rich cultural traditions China wants to share but they need                   （8）______（introduce）to Western audiences in a way     （9）______ highlights the universal aspects of the story that everyone can all relate to, rather than the different cultural references that are                    （10）______（confuse） to the westerners."

五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词．

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．

Nowadays many young parents are addicted in their electric devices like smartphones or computers, pay less or no attention to their kids.

Then what does it come about      ？ Admittedly, the smartphone indeed dramatically changes our life. With it, people can do nearly everything we want, such as surfing the Internet for information, watching films or video, doing some online shopping and playing games as well as. Thus, a smartphone serves as a platform for them to get fun in a comfortable and convenience way. As a result more and more young parents are being attracted.

However, nothing can replace face-to-face communication between parents and kids, what requires parents to think about the real meaning of life, spends more time with their children and have fun together. Only in this way a better parent-child relationship be developed.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Mary听说了在中国抗击新冠肺炎的奋战过程中，中国的传统医学（Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM   ）起了很重要的作用，所以对它非常感兴趣，请给她写一封信，内容包括：

1．简单介绍一位中国古代有名的中医；

2．鼓励他学习TCM，并提出合理建议．

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．

Dear Mary,

_________

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【解析】（1）C.数字计算题。根据表格中最后一栏"6 to 15 years old - non-stop or direct flights or connecting flights." "       ＄120 for connecting flights"6  至15岁--不间断或直航或转机。＄120转乘航班。可知，如果乘坐Frontier航空公司的航班，11岁的孩子独自乘坐转接航班，应该付120美元。故选C项。

（2）D.细节理解题。根据At the airport  部分中"Register your child's travel plans with the U       ． S． State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service. "           在美国国务院登记您孩子的旅行计划，国务院可以在紧急情况下提供帮助。这是一项免费服务。可知，父母可以向美国国务院免费登记孩子的旅行计划，以供在紧急情况下提供帮助。故选D项。

（3）A.细节理解题。根据Before the flight  部分中"Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled, you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes."                    建议父母给孩子预订早上的航班。这样如果航班延误或取消，还会有时间来安排其他的航班。可知给他们订早班机票。故选A项。

本文是应用文。文章是关于孩子独自乘坐航班的指南。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4.【答案】

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第二段"A woman's reaction in any crisis is to scream. And a man has more control than a woman."                 这位军官的观点是一遇到危急情况，女人的反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。根据倒数第三段"Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to close the balcony doors."             当他跳起来关上阳台的门时，四五声尖叫响起。根据最后一段"With a faint smile coming across her face she replies         ： "Because it was lying across my foot."      女主人脸上闪出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说："因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去。由此判断出这位军官的观点是错误的。故选B项。

（2）A.细节理解题。根据第三段As he stares, he sees a slight strange expression come over the face of the hostess. the servant place a bowl of milk on the balcony just outside the open glass doors.                             当他凝视的时候，他看到女主人的脸上掠过一丝奇怪的表情。仆人把一碗牛奶放在阳台上，就在打开的玻璃门外面。根据第四段 His eyes move across the room but see nothing.        他的眼睛扫视了一下房间，但什么也没看见。根据第五段"I want to know what control everyone here has. I will count three hundred-that's five minutes - and not one of you is to move a muscle. Ready!"                       我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力，我数三百下--也就是五分钟--你们谁都不许动一动。动者将罚款五十卢比。准备好。根据第六段When out of the corner of his eyes, he sees the snake make for the bowl of milk. Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to close the balcony doors.                             从眼角的余光里，他看到蛇正向那碗牛奶走去。当他跳起来关上阳台的门时，四五声尖叫响起。由此可知正确的顺序为d,c,a,b,f,e。故选A项。

（3）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段"With a faint smile coming across her face she replies         ： "Because it was lying across my foot."      女主人脸上闪出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说："因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去。由此推断出，女主人更有自控能力。故选D项。

（4）B.标题归纳题。根据第一段A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They invite army officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist.                     某殖民地官员和他的夫人正举行盛大的晚宴。他们邀请军官和他们的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家。根据第二段 A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says women are no longer the jumping on a chair at the sight of a mouse and an army officer who disagrees and says, "A woman's reaction in any crisis is to scream. And a man has more control than a woman."                                                  席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上，少校则不以为然。他说："一遇到危急情况，女人的反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。根据倒数第三段"Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to close the balcony doors."             当他跳起来关上阳台的门时，四五声尖叫响起。根据最后一段"With a faint smile coming across her face she replies         ： "Because it was lying across my foot."      女主人脸上闪出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说："因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去。所以短文的最佳标题为"引人注目的宴会"。故选B项。

这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了在一场宴会上，关于男人和女人自控力的的激烈讨论，该讨论以一条蛇的出现以及男人和女人们对此不同的反应而结束。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8.【答案】

【解析】（1）B. 细节理解题。 根据第一段These are commonly known as earworm songs-those sticky tunes that continue to play in your head.               这些通常被称为耳虫歌曲，那些黏糊糊的曲调继续在你的脑海中播放。可知耳朵虫歌曲指的是"一直黏在脑袋里的音乐"，即最近经常听到的歌曲。故选B．

（2）C. 词义猜测题。 In that instance, she was able to identify her earworm's trigger        ： the Gaston-looking man in the poster.     在这种情况下，她能够辨认出她耳虫的导火索：海报上那个看起来像加斯顿的男人。句子后半句the Gaston-looking man in the poster.     解释了为什么"Be Our Guest"   这首歌一直出现在Margulis脑海里：海报中那个看起来像Gaston的人．所以此处trigger有"原因"之意。A． Type 类型；B． Tune调音；C． Cause原因；D． Characteristic特点。故选C．

（3）A. 推理判断题。 从第五段Margulis points out that, in all of human history, recorded music is a very new phenomenon. She says some have inferred that earworm songs are also new-the unintended consequence of being able to hear the same song played everywhere in the same way over and over again.Margulis                                           指出，在人类历史上，录制音乐是一种非常新的现象。她说，有些人推断出耳虫歌曲也是一种新现象：在任何地方都能听到同样的歌曲以同样的方式反复播放，这是一种意想不到的结果。可知录制的音乐和耳朵虫音乐都是一种新现象，无论走到哪里都能反复听到同一首歌，这是人类发展、科技发展的结果。故选A．

（4）D. 主旨大意题。第五段最后一句话But there are some well-established ways to cast off the earworm songs.           是对下面三段的总结．最后三段列举了摆脱耳朵虫歌曲行之有效的方法。故选D．

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了耳朵虫歌曲，即歌曲的某个片段不由自主地反复在脑子里出现且不受控制的现象。针对这种现象，作者提出了几条行之有效的方法。

近年来高考加大了猜测词义题的考查，主要包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测以及对it/they/them/that/those等代词指代对象的判断等。

做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义，因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键．猜测词义时，要掌握以下5种解题技巧：

技巧 1  对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词或同义词猜测词义。

技巧 2  因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。

技巧3  构词法：还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。

技巧4  根据句子结构进行判断。

技巧5  根据上下文进行判断：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。

例如第二题中trigger的意思就是根据语境来判断的。

12.【答案】

【解析】（1）B. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.            可知通过这些模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网中起作用的关键原则。由此可见，科学家借助于食物网的数学模型发现了控制生态系统食物网的规则。B． The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.       （控制生态系统食物网的规则）符合以上说法，故选B项．

（2）C. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段When a predator  （掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey       （猎物），the two species are strongly linked     ；（当一种掠食动物总是大量吃一种猎物时，这两个物种就是紧密相连的）由此可见，当食肉动物只吃一种猎物时，这两个物种之间有一个很强的联系。C． sticks to one prey species    （只吃一种猎物）符合以上说法，故选C项．

（3）A. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean,we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.                                             可知，无计划的人类活动证明了顶级掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中，我们在工业规模上捕捞顶级掠食者，如鳕鱼，而在陆地上，我们杀死大型掠食者，如狼。这些行动大大影响了生态平衡。由此可见，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。A． Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.     （不受控制的人类活动极大破坏了生态系统）符合以上说法，故选A项．

（4）D. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Ideally,the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key,which scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point                                         （临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.       可知，理想情况下，系统会告诉我们什么时候适应人类那些会将生态系统推向崩溃的活动，甚至会让我们把生态系统从边界拉回来。科学家说，预防是关键，因为一旦生态系统通过临界点，它们就很难返回。由此可见，一个早期的警告系统可以向我们发出紧急的预防信号，这样人类可以及时采取措施。 D． By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.        （通过发出需要采取紧急预防措施的信号）符合以上说法，故选D项．

这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了记住食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些食物网运行的关键原则。不同层次的物种之间有着依存关系，而人类作为最高层次的掠食动物，其一举一动都会影响生态系统。

在做细节理解题时，首先根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。

16.【答案】

【解析】（1）C. 信息匹配题。根据第一段最后一句中"It is time to take a few deep breathsand think about our actions and our words."               （到了该好好考虑我们的行为和言语的时候了。）与选项C中的"they"对应可知。因此C选项切题。Do they display the attitude that we want to convey         ？"它们（我们的行为和言语）传达了我们想要表达的态度了吗？"故选C．

 （2）D.  信息匹配题。根据此空后"It is also equally important to use words to show appreciation"          同样重要的是要用语言表达感激之情。和选项D中"It is important"  对应可知D项切题。It is important to have your words match your actions."         使你的言行与行为相符这很重要"。故选D．

 （3）A. 细节理解题。根据后句What about that saying   ？（这一谚语怎么样？）提到的saying既是指The pen is more powerful than the sword.       （笔杆子比宝剑还要锋利），文章中的"Words carry a lot of weight"     也解释了这一谚语的含义。故选A．

 （4）F. 细节理解题。根据上句I am sure that each of us remembers a time when a friend made an unkind comment.                （我确信每个人都记得有时候，某个朋友会做出不友善的评论。）提到的made an unkind comment"   与选项F中的"Those words" 对应。因此F选项切题。Those words did lasting damage to you, the relationship or both.         这些话语会对你和你们之间的关系造成持久的伤害。故选F．

 （5）G.   逻辑关系题。由最后一段讲述了赞美的重要性可知空格处应该与鼓励赞美相关，从段落中"I still feel the positive effect of those three little but very powerful words."             和"I can live for two months on a good compliment         （夸奖）"（我仍然能感受到这三个小而有力的词的积极影响。"一句好的赞美我可以活两个月）也能看出G选项切题。Don't be afraid to shower your child with encouraging words all day long            （不要害怕把鼓励的语言如雨般倾注在孩子身上）。故选G．

本文是一篇议论文。通过一系列的说明，解释了文字，语言的重要性以及对人的影响。作者告诉我们语言对人们有终生的影响，因此我们要鼓励赞美孩子，不要使用刻薄的话讽刺挖苦孩子。

"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。

21.【答案】

【解析】（1）A. 考查动词及语境理解。A． assume认为；设想；B． admit承认；C． acquire获得；D． afford付的起。句意：你可能认为这个数字是经过多年研究得出的。结合后文that this number has appeared after years of research.        可知是人们认为的具体内容，故选A.

（2）D. 考查形容词及语境理解。A． delicate精美的，脆弱的；B． ordinary普通的；C． abstract抽象的；D． magic神奇的。句意：这个神奇数字的由来可以追溯到1964年东京奥运会召开前不久的一次市场营销活动。结合上文可知达到一万步人们就会兴奋不已，可知一万步这是一个神奇的数字。故选D.

（3）B. 考查动词及语境理解。A． recommended推荐；B． launched启动；C． stated陈述；D． commanded命令。句意：这个神奇数字的由来可以追溯到一次市场营销活动，活动是1964年东京奥运会召开前不久启动的。结合上文a marketing campaign  可知这个神奇数字的由来可以追溯到一次市场营销活动，活动是1964年东京奥运会召开前不久启动的。故选B.

（4）A. 考查动词及语境理解。A． marketing出售；B． purchasing购买；C． manufacturing生产；D． donating捐赠。句意：一家公司开始销售一种名为"man"的计步器："man"的意思是10000，"po"的意思是台阶，"kei"的意思是用表计量。根据下文Marty buyers are appealed by the new device.      可知是出售计步器。故选A.

（5）C. 考查名词及语境理解。A． walkers步行者；B． runners奔跑者；C． steps步子；D． numbers数字。句意：一家公司开始销售一种名为"man"的计步器："man"的意思是10000，"po"的意思是步子，"kei"的意思是用表计量。结合上文pedometer可知计步器是用来计算步数的，故此处po的意思是步子，故选C.

（6）B. 考查形容词及语境理解。A．thoughtful体贴的，深思熟虑的；B． successful成功的；C． plentiful丰富的；D． powerful强大的。句意：它取得了巨大的成功。结合后文Many buyers are appealed by the new gadget.       可知这个产品取得了巨大的成功．故选B.

（7）C. 考查动词及语境理解。A． identified识别；B． displayed展示；C． compared比较；D． shown展示。句意：从那以后，研究比较了5000步和10000步的健康益处，毫不奇怪，步数越高越好。结合下文the health benefits of 5   ，000 with 10，000 steps可知是在比较这个数字的健康益处，故选C.

（8）D. 考查副词及语境理解。A． excitingly激动地；B． disappointingly失望地；C． amusingly有趣地；D． surprisingly出人意料地。句意：从那以后，研究比较了5000步和10000步的健康益处，毫不意外，步数越高越好。结合常识可知，人们走得步数越多越有益，这毫不意外。故选D.

（9）D. 考查名词及语境理解。A． signs标志；B． strengths优势；C． symbols象征；D． numbers数字。句意：但直到最近，两个数字之间的所有数字都没有被研究过。上文列举的5，000 with 10，000 steps是数字，此处指五千和一万当中的数字没有被研究过。故选D.

（10）C. 考查名词及语境理解。A． psychology心理学；B．mathematics数学；C． medicine医学；D． philosophy哲学。句意：哈佛大学医学院的医学教授I-Min Lee 和她的研究小组对16000多名70多岁的女性进行了研究。根据下文at Harvard Medical School   可知是哈佛医学院的医学教授。故选C.

（11）A. 考查动词短语及语境理解。A． focused on 关注；集中于；B． took part in  参加；C． got along with  相处；D． thought highly of  高度评价。句意：哈佛大学医学院的医学教授I-Min Lee 和她的研究小组集中研究了16000多名70多岁的女性。结合下文a group of more than 16    ，000 women可知选取了一万六千名女性进行集中研究。故选A.

（12）B. 考查动词及语境理解。A．associating联系；B． wearing穿着；佩戴；C． undertaking从事；D．claiming声称。句意：每位女性都佩戴了一个测量行走时间的设备，为期一周。结合下文a device to measure movement    可知是佩戴了一个测量行走时间的设备。故选B.

（13）A. 考查动词及语境理解。A． walking步行；B． sleeping睡觉；C． running奔跑；D． shaking摇晃。句意：每位女性都佩戴了一个测量行走时间的设备，为期一周。结合下文Women who took more than 4    ，000 steps可知设备是用来测量行走时间的。故选A.

（14）D. 考查动词及语境理解。A． remarked评论；B． distinguished区分，区别；C． acquainted了解，熟悉；D． tracked追踪。句意：当他们追踪这些妇女平均4年3个月后，504人死亡。结合后文the women up an average of four years and three months later           可知他们追踪了这些女性4年3个月。故选D.

（15）考查名词及语境理解。A． women女人；B． deaths死亡；C． survivors幸存者；D． people人们。句意：事实上，平均幸存者人数只有5500人，而不是10000人。结合下文was only 5 ，500 but not 10 ，000可知除去死亡的人数504人，幸存的人数只有5500人，而不是1000人。故选C.

（16）A. 考查名词及语境理解。A． day天；B． hour小时；C． month月；D． week周。句意：每天走超过4000步的女性明显比每天只走2700步的女性寿命更长。结合上文took more than 4  ，000 steps中的数字可知4000步应当是一个人一天所走的步数，其他选项均不符合语境。故选A.

（17）D. 考查名词及语境理解。A． distance距离；B． growth成长；C． decrease减少；D． difference不同；差异。句意：令人惊讶的是，如此微小的差异可能会对寿命产生影响。结合上文4000步和2700步这是微小的差异却可能会对寿命产生影响。故选D.

（18）C. 考查动词及语境理解。A． separate分离；B． reflect反映；C． vary变化；D．recover恢复。句意：然而，身体状况因人而异，我们应该明智地去做。根据下文from person to person,and we should do it wisely.        可知身体状况因人而异，我们应该明智地去做。短语vary from" 不同"，故选C.

（19）B. 考查动词及语境理解。A． distracts分心；B． motivates促使；C．indicates显示；D．accumulates积累。句意：所以，如果你发现它能激励你，那就计步数吧，但记住，一万步并没有什么特别之处。结合上文So count if you find it     可知如果你发现它能激励你，那就计步数吧。故选B.

（20）B. 考查形容词及语境理解。A． challenging挑战的；B． appropriate合适的；C． beneficial有益的；D． creative创造性的。句意：设定适合自己的目标。结合上文人与人的身体情况不同，因此要按自身情况设定适合自己的目标。故选B.

这是一篇说明文。当我们达到每天1万步这一至关重要的目标时，我们会兴奋不已，文章说明了计步器的来源。以及一项对16000多名70多岁的女性的研究发现每天走超过4000步的女性明显比每天只走2700步的女性寿命更长。如此微小的差异可能会对寿命产生影响，但是由于身体情况的差异也应适当设定目标。

考查完形填空。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合语境及选项做出正确的选择。

41.【答案】highest

【解析】（1）highest.考查形容词辨析．句意：2019年是中国电影业的又一个里程碑，中国大陆票房排行榜前十名的影片中，有8部是中国电影．分析句子可知，top含有最高级的意义，因此需使用形容词最高级，意为"前10名"，故填highest.

（2）are.考查主谓一致．句意：2019年是中国电影业的又一个里程碑，中国大陆票房排行榜前十名的影片中，有8部是中国电影．分析句子可知，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时．句中"Chinese mainland's box office charts"    是复数形式，因此谓语动词也应使用复数形式．故填are.

（3）however.考查连词．句意：然而，中国电影想要吸引北美观众，并在国界之外取得类似的成功，这仍然是一项艰巨的任务．分析句子可知，前文提到的中国电影在内地电影票房上取得了里程碑式的成就与后文中吸引北美观众并取得类似的成功是对比转折的关系．故填however.

（4）beyond.考查介词．句意：然而，中国电影想要吸引北美观众，并在国界之外取得类似的成功，这仍然是一项艰巨的任务．分析句子可知，中国电影需要吸引北美观众，由此判断中国电影是超出国界之外．故填beyond.

（5）an.考查冠词．句意：长期以来，中国电影一直面临着一个漫长而艰难的斗争，跨越文化的挑战，以及需要打破什么才能吸引国际兴趣的准则．分析句子可知，句中提到的"斗争"是泛指，而不是特指某一种斗争或挑战，因此需使用不定冠词进行修饰．故填an.

（6）complaints.考查名词．句意：对于中国电影经常性的抱怨是，"很难取得认同"、"太长太令人迷惑"，或者是最简单的"太中国化"．分析句子可知，后文提到的"很难取得认同"、"太长太令人迷惑"、"太中国化"都是对于中国电影的几项抱怨，且形容词frequent后需修饰名词，因此需使用名词的复数形式．故填complaints.

（7）unfamiliar.考查形容词．句意：中国电影的故事和讲故事风格的差异是显著的，因为中国特有的故事对于西方世界是陌生的．分析句子可知，从前文提到的几项抱怨可知，西方世界对于中国特有的故事是非常陌生的，由此才会出现相应的抱怨．故填unfamiliar.

（8）to be introduced/introducing.  考查非谓语．句意：这些都是中国想要分享的丰富文化传统，但需要向西方观众介绍．分析句子可知，need to be done/need doing    意为"需要被……"，cultural traditions 与introduce之间是被动的关系．故填to be introduced/introducing.

（9）that/which.考查关系代词．句意：这些都是中国想要分享的丰富文化传统，但需要以每个人都能接受的方式向西方观众介绍，而不是让西方人感到困惑的方式．分析句子可知，此句为定语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，且先行词ways意为"方式、方法"时，需使用关系代词引导定语从句．故填that/which.

（10）confusing.考查形容词．句意：这些都是中国想要分享的丰富文化传统，但需要以每个人都能接受的方式向西方观众介绍，而不是让西方人感到困惑的方式．分析句子可知，be动词后接形容词进行修饰．confusing的主语是物，意为"令人迷惑的"，confused主语是人，意为"迷惑的"．故填confusing.

这是一篇说明文．中国电影票房在2019年取得了里程碑式的成就，但在对西方国家进行输出时，因为文化、传统等方面的差异仍在存在一定的困难．

语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析．要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．

42.【答案】Nowadays many young parents are addicted  in their electric devices like smartphones or computers,  pay less or no attention to their kids.

    Then  what does it come about   ？ Admittedly, the smartphone indeed dramatically changes our life. With it, people can do nearly everything  we want, such as surfing the Internet for information, watching films or  video， doing some online shopping and playing games as well as． Thus, a smartphone serves as a platform for them to get fun in a comfortable and  convenience way. As a result more and more young parents are being attracted.

    However, nothing can replace face-to-face communication between parents and kids,  what requires parents to think about the real meaning of life,  spends more time with their children and have fun together. Only in this way ∧a better parent-child relationship be developed.

详解：

1． in改为to.考查介词。句意：现在许多年轻的父母沉迷于他们的电子设备如智能手机或电脑，很少关心或不关心他们的孩子。此处考查固定短语be addicted to"  对……上瘾"，故将in改为to.

2． pay 改为paying.考查现在分词。句意：现在许多年轻的父母沉迷于他们的电子设备如智能手机或电脑，很少关心或不关心他们的孩子。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语young parents 和pay之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故将pay改为paying.

3． what 改为 how.考查特殊疑问词。句意：那么它是如何产生的呢？根据句意和句子成分可知，此处用特殊疑问词how"如何"符合语境，故将what改为how.

4．  we  改为 they.考查代词。句意：有了它，人们就可以做他们想做的所有事情，例如上网查信息，看电影或视频，网上购物，也可以打游戏。根据句意可知，此处用they"他们"符合语境，照应上文提到的people,故将we改为they.

5． video 改为videos.考查名词的数。句意：有了它，人们就可以做他们想做的所有事情，例如上网查信息，看电影或视频，网上购物，也可以打游戏。video"视频"是可数名词，根据films判断此处应用其复数形式，指代一类事物，故将video改为videos.

6． 删除well后的as.考查固定短语。句意：有了它，人们就可以做他们想做的所有事情，例如上网查信息，看电影或视频，网上购物也可以打游戏．根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语as well" 也"，故删除well后的as.

7． convenience 改为 convenient.考查形容词。句意：因此，智能手机是他们以舒适方便的方式获得乐趣的平台。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词way,应该用形容词形式。故将convenience改为convenient.

8． what 改为 which.考查定语从句。句意：然而，没有什么能取代父母之间面对面的交流，这需要父母思考生命的真正意义，需要花更多的时间和孩子在一起，玩得开心。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词代替它在从句种充当主语，应用关系代词which,故将what改为which.

9． spends 改为 spend考查不定式。句意：然而，没有什么能取代父母之间面对面的交流，这需要父母思考生命的真正意义，需要花更多的时间和孩子在一起，玩得开心。分析句子可知，句中同时用think,spend和have fun 的不定式形式作为parents的补语，为避免重复，后两个不定式省略不定式符号to,故将spends改为spend.

10． a前加can/will.考查部分倒装。句意：只有通过这种方式，一个更好的亲子关系才会被建立。分析句子可知，此处把only in this way   放在句首，应该部分倒装，将情态动词/助动词/be动词置于主语a better parent-child relationship   之前，再由下文的be判断此处应用情态动词，根据句意可知，此处用情态动词can/will符合语境，故在a前加can/will.

【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述为什么许多年轻父母沉迷于智能手机或电脑等电子设备，很少或根本不关心孩子，并且给了一些建议来建立良好的亲子关系。

高考短文改错题的形式有说明文，短文故事，书信等，具有很强的实用性。短文的内容和语言都符合高中学生的实际，从表面上看类似一篇学生习作。首先，通读全文，了解短文大意，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑，在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好，再进行逐句改错。其次，要进行逐个句子的改错。这是要对文中的词法、句法和语篇着重分析和特别注意。最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍，检查答案是否正确，感觉是否还有不妥之处，最终形成定稿。

43.【答案】Dear Mary,

How is everything going with you these days？ Having known that your curiosity has been driven by Traditional Chinese Medicine with an effort to have a good knowledge of it, I am pregnant with great pride and excitement to get you informed of more relevant information in accordance with what I have learned.（写信目的）

With a long history dating back to thousands of years ago, Traditional Chinese Medicine features unique diagnostic method and systematic theory, bearing a list of great achievements. Concerning that, much importance should be attached to people contributing to its development, in which, Zhang Zhongjing is a shinning example. Serving as a pioneer in this field, he examined the theory in practice and in turn adopted it as the guidance, thus writing the fundamental book of TCM by summary.【高分句型一】（简单介绍一位中国古代有名的中医） Given all above, I extend my sincere recommendation that TCM should be the choice for your further study with its bright future. In an attempt to make full preparations for it, it's anticipated that you can spare some time to know the basic knowledge.（鼓励他学习TCM，并提出合理建议）

On the whole, long way as TCM has to go, I hold the firm belief that devotion from more people including you will help a lot.【高分句型二】 Looking forward to your early reply.（表达信心）

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】高分句型一：Serving as a pioneer in this field, he examined the theory in practice and in turn adopted it as the guidance, thus writing the fundamental book of TCM by summary.

译文：作为这一领域的开拓者，他在实践中检验理论，并以此为指导，以总结的方式撰写了《中医基础》一书．

分析：这句话使用现在分词短语Serving as a pioneer in this field作原因状语，thus writing…是现在分词作结果状语．

高分句型二：On the whole, long way as TCM has to go, I hold the firm belief that devotion from more people including you will help a lot.

译文：总的来说，虽然中医药还有很长的路要走，我坚信，包括你们在内的更多人的奉献会有很大的帮助．

分析：这句话使用as引导让步状语从句的省略句，belief后面是that引导的同位语从句．

这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法．需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题．尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少．

2020年湖北省黄冈市麻城实验中学高考英语模拟试卷（五）