地质学复习(自己整理的)(修改过的)

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stressedthatpromotingthecomprehensiverevitalizationshouldfocusoneconomicconstructionasthecentralfocuswith,payspecialattentiontograsptheimplementationoffivedevelopmentconcepts,deepeningreformandpromotingtheall-roundopeningup,ensuringandimprovingpeople'slivelihood,strengthentheconstructionofecologicalcivilization,"fivepriorities",playdevelopmentmix.Towithnewdevelopmentconceptmeasurework,andcommandaction,andtrainingcadres,inimplementimplementationnewdevelopmentconceptinthelookingforopportunities,andbuildhighlights,andexpandadvantage;tofulldeepeningreform,breakboundtheaspectscreatedvitalityofsystemmechanismobstacles;toactiveadvancefullaspectsopening,participation"inthecastRussianEconomicCorridor"construction;toguaranteesandimprovedlivelihood,stronglywonpovertybattle;tostrengtheningecologicalcivilizationconstruction,forsustainabledevelopmentreservedspace,forfuturegenerationsleftskyblue,andtogreen,andwaterclearofbetterhomes.Wemustin-depthimplementimplementationnewdevelopmentconcept,insistedtoeconomicconstructionforCenter,firmlycaughtdevelopmentthisfirstpriority,absorbedmakeconstruction,heartnodistractionscaughtdevelopment,speedupdevelopment"sixbigindustry",in-depthimplementation"threebigengineering",activecreate"twobigenvironment",outofaarticlequalitymorehigh,andbenefitsbetter,andstructuremoreexcellentoftransformationdevelopmentofroad.Tostrengthenecologicalconstruction.OnMarch22,thedeeprestructuringexaminedandadoptedtheopiniononperfectingcompensationmechanismofecologicalprotection,proposedtoexploretheestablishmentofdiversifiedecologicalcompensationmechanism,progressiverealizationofforests,grasslands,wetlandsandotherareasoffocusandkeyecologicalfunctionandotherimportantregionalecologicalcompensationcoverage,theecologicaladvantagesoftheregionwillbefurtherhighlighted.Weneedtogogreeneco-building,astheessentialpolicy,instrictaccordancewiththeStateofmainfunctionregionconstructionrequirements,carefulimplementationandXiaoxing'anmountainsforestecologicalprotectionandeconomicrestructuringplanfortheconstructionofskyblue,...Actsprohibitedbypickinguptheremainingwellsinstandingtimber.Tofocusonforestresourceconservation,increasetheacquisitionandsupervisionofcoldstorage,nobuyfruit,encouragesupporttoleadingenterprises,workers'cooperativesasaunit,thecontractmanagementofforestresources,therationalprotectionandutilizationofresources.ToworkactivelytowardspolicyaimedfromtheleveloftheStateForestryAdministrationformulatedregulationstoprotectforestresourcesassoonaspossibletoachievelawandregulationtoprotectforestresources.Shouldfocusonforestfireprevention.Firesafetyisthefirstpriority
地质学复习资料
第一章第二章第三章第四章第五章第六章第七章第八章第九章
thefirstresponsibilityoftheforest,26thspringareahasfullydeployedtothefire,hasnowenteredthefire,wehavetobeonduty,andrequirements,andmeettheactualdahingganmountains,throughactiveeffortshavebeenshowingastrongmomentumofdevelchallenges,toacceleratethepaceofpreliminaryformalities,theenterpriseshavedifficultiestopullonewayandalsohelpinatimelymannertohelpindustriallayout目录

地质学概论·················2地球的基本特征···············4矿物与岩石·················8火成岩···················11沉积岩···················16变质岩···················20构造运动与构造变动·············21地槽与地台·················30地球演化··················31
By：杨舒淇、叶伟、黄敏2011．06.18

nedtoovercomeparalysis,mustnot"Twelve-Five"nofiresinthepast,thereducedrequirementsduringtheperiod.Toapplystrictlythepartywiththeresponsibility,mustshouldertheresponsibilityofthePartySecretaryinparticular,reallypracticepipes,itcannevershuaishouzhanggui,besuretolayertheimplementationfallsfireresponsibility,toensurethatnomajorforestfires.Toadheretobalanced,correctlyhandletherelationshipbetweenfireandprojectconstruction,industrialdevelopment,to"nevermissortwo."Second,tospeedupthedevelopmentofsixmajorindustries.Promotedevelopmentinourregion,thekeyistogivefullplaytoresourceadvantagetobuildeco-oriented"bigsix"system,tocreatethenewengineofeconomicgrowth.Firmconfidence.Practicehasprovedthatthe"bigsix"ofbothcentralandprovincialelopment,wemustbefirminfaith,goallout,perseverance,onecaughtintheend,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,doesnotreachthetargetwillnevergiveup.Shouldfocusonindustrialprojects.Projectistoacceleratetheindustrialdevelopmentofimportantsupportandbacking.Industrialprojectconstruction,myareatherearefewinnumber,smallsize,lowlevelproblems.Thisyear,theprojectashispartyhas"firstproject",wehavetoworkhardtoprojectconstruction.Especiallyeffectiveduringshort,catchingprojectshallnot,slow,draggingnotallowed.Alllocalitiesshouldconscientiouslyimplementtheprojectleadershipsystem,timetable,roadmap,andcoordinateservices,trackingthewholeprocessforward,inverteddurations,speedingupprogressandseekpracticalresults.PoisedtobreaktheprojectbuildSetnessesmarket,enhanceconfidence,urgingworkassoonaspossible.Tostrengthentheprojectanalysis,properriskanalysisandimproveprojectsuccessrates.(SpecifictotheXX,westillwanttomakegooduseofagriculturaladvantages,relyingontheupperreachesoftheforestinthefreshairandXXXpurewaterandotherresources,createhigh-quality,high-gradegreenfoodbrands,trulyreflecttheoriginalcharacter.Meanwhile,adheretotheprojectasthebreakthroughtopromoteeconomicdevelopmentaroundthe"sixindustrialchain"topayspecialattentiontoformingprojects,digpotentialprojects,focusonkeyprojects,activelycultivatingthenewleadingindustriesandnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth.Topromoteinvestment.Moreaccurateprofessionalbusiness,andbasedmyindustrialbaseandresources,aimedatnationaldefend.Determiopment.So,inthe"six"ondevbusi
stressedthatpromotingthecomprehensiverevitalizationshouldfocusoneconomicconstructionasthecentralfocuswith,payspecialattentiontograsptheimplementationoffivedevelopmentconcepts,deepeningreformandpromotingtheall-roundopeningup,ensuringandimprovingpeople'slivelihood,strengthentheconstructionofecologicalcivilization,"fivepriorities",playdevelopmentmix.Towithnewdevelopmentconceptmeasurework,andcommandaction,andtrainingcadres,inimplementimplementationnewdevelopmentconceptinthelookingforopportunities,andbuildhighlights,andexpandadvantage;tofulldeepeningreform,breakboundtheaspectscreatedvitalityofsystemmechanismobstacles;toactiveadvancefullaspectsopening,participation"inthecastRussianEconomicCorridor"construction;toguaranteesandimprovedlivelihood,stronglywonpovertybattle;tostrengtheningecologicalcivilizationconstruction,forsustainabledevelopmentreservedspace,forfuturegenerationsleftskyblue,andtogreen,andwaterclearofbetterhomes.Wemustin-depthimplementimplementationnewdevelopmentconcept,insistedtoeconomicconstructionforCenter,firmlycaughtdevelopmentthisfirstpriority,absorbedmakeconstruction,heartnodistractionscaughtdevelopment,speedupdevelopment"sixbigindustry",in-depthimplementation"threebigengineering",activecreate"twobigenvironment",outofaarticlequalitymorehigh,andbenefitsbetter,andstructuremoreexcellentoftransformationdevelopmentofroad.Tostrengthenecologicalconstruction.OnMarch22,thedeeprestructuringexaminedandadoptedtheopiniononperfectingcompensationmechanismofecologicalprotection,proposedtoexploretheestablishmentofdiversifiedecologicalcompensationmechanism,progressiverealizationofforests,grasslands,wetlandsandotherareasoffocusandkeyecologicalfunctionandotherimportantregionalecologicalcompensationcoverage,theecologicaladvantagesoftheregionwillbefurtherhighlighted.Weneedtogogreeneco-building,astheessentialpolicy,instrictaccordancewiththeStateofmainfunctionregionconstructionrequirements,carefulimplementationandXiaoxing'anmountainsforestecologicalprotectionandeconomicrestructuringplanfortheconstructionofskyblue,...Actsprohibitedbypickinguptheremainingwellsinstandingtimber.Tofocusonforestresourceconservation,increasetheacquisitionandsupervisionofcoldstorage,nobuyfruit,encouragesupporttoleadingenterprises,workers'cooperativesasaunit,thecontractmanagementofforestresources,therationalprotectionandutilizationofresources.ToworkactivelytowardspolicyaimedfromtheleveloftheStateForestryAdministrationformulatedregulationstoprotectforestresourcesassoonaspossibletoachievelawandregulationtoprotectforestresources.Shouldfocusonforestfireprevention.Firesafetyisthefirstpriority地质学复习资料

第一章地质学概论

1、地质学的研究对象是什么？
地质学是研究地球及其演化的一门自然科学，主要研究地球的组成、构造、发展历史和演化规律。其研究对象涉及地球的内部圈层(地核、地幔、地壳和外部圈层(大气圈、水圈、生物圈、岩石圈等。
由于受现阶段观测研究条件的限制，当前的地质学主要研究固体地球的最外层，即岩石圈(包括地壳和上地幔的上部，大约厚70~150km，特别是平均厚度约20km的地壳部分。
2、地质学的特点是什么？
①研究对象涉及悠久的时间和广阔的空间。②地质现象具有多因素相互制约的复杂性。
③地质学是来源于实践，又服务于实践的科学。④地质学在地理专业中具有重要地位。
3、地质学研究方法主要有哪些？
地质学的研究方法是在实践的基础上，运用演绎(一般原理推出特殊情况或归纳(一系列具体事实概括出一般原理的方法进行推理论证。
①野外调查—岩石、沉积物等类型、产状、分布情况、剖面描述、样品采集等。
②室内实验和模拟实验—岩石矿物的鉴定、化石的鉴定、同位素年龄测定、各种理化指标(粒度、化学元素、碳酸钙、有机质、磁化率、碳氧同位素等测试和现代地表过程或地理环境的室内模拟。
③历史比较法(现实类比法—英国地质学家莱伊尔采用“以今证古”、“现在是认识过去的钥匙”的原理，同时考虑到地球发展的阶段性和不可逆性，要根据具体情况，历史地、辩证地和综合地来研究地球的历史。
thefirstresponsibilityoftheforest,26thspringareahasfullydeployedtothefire,hasnowenteredthefire,wehavetobeonduty,anddefend.Determinedtoovercomeparalysis,mustnot"Twelve-Five"nofiresinthepast,thereducedrequirementsduringtheperiod.Toapplystrictlythepartywiththeresponsibility,mustshouldertheresponsibilityofthePartySecretaryinparticular,reallypracticepipes,itcannevershuaishouzhanggui,besuretolayertheimplementationfallsfireresponsibility,toensurethatnomajorforestfires.Toadheretobalanced,correctlyhandletherelationshipbetweenfireandprojectconstruction,industrialdevelopment,to"nevermissortwo."Second,tospeedupthedevelopmentofsixmajorindustries.Promotedevelopmentinourregion,thekeyistogivefullplaytoresourceadvantagetobuildeco-oriented"bigsix"system,tocreatethenewengineofeconomicgrowth.Firmconfidence.Practicehasprovedthatthe"bigsix"ofbothcentralandprovincialrequirements,andmeettheactualdahingganmountains,throughactiveeffortshavebeenshowingastrongmomentumofdevelopment.So,inthe"six"ondevelopment,wemustbefirminfaith,goallout,perseverance,onecaughtintheend,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,doesnotreachthetargetwillnevergiveup.Shouldfocusonindustrialprojects.Projectistoacceleratetheindustrialdevelopmentofimportantsupportandbacking.Industrialprojectconstruction,myareatherearefewinnumber,smallsize,lowlevelproblems.Thisyear,theprojectashispartyhas"firstproject",wehavetoworkhardtoprojectconstruction.Especiallyeffectiveduringshort,catchingprojectshallnot,slow,draggingnotallowed.Alllocalitiesshouldconscientiouslyimplementtheprojectleadershipsystem,timetable,roadmap,andcoordinateservices,trackingthewholeprocessforward,inverteddurations,speedingupprogressandseekpracticalresults.PoisedtobreaktheprojectbuildSetchallenges,toacceleratethepaceofpreliminaryformalities,theenterpriseshavedifficultiestopullonewayandalsohelpinatimelymannertohelpbusinessesmarket,enhanceconfidence,urgingworkassoonaspossible.Tostrengthentheprojectanalysis,properskanalysisandimproveprojectsuccessrates.(SpecifictotheXX,westillwanttomakegooduseofagriculturaladvantages,relyingontheupperreachesoftheforestinthefreshairandXXXpurewaterandotherresources,createhigh-quality,high-gradegreenfoodbrands,trulyreflecttheoriginalcharacter.Meanwhile,adheretotheprojectasthebreakthroughtopromoteeconomicdevelopmentaroundthe"sixindustrialchain"topayspecialattentiontoformingprojects,digpotentialprojects,focusonkeyprojects,activelycultivatingthenewleadingindustriesandnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth.Topromoteinvestment.Moreaccurateprofessionalbusiness,andbasedmyindustrialbaseandresources,aimedatnational
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industriallayout

stressedthatpromotingthecomprehensiverevitalizationshouldfocusoneconomicconstructionasthecentralfocuswith,payspecialattentiontograsptheimplementationoffivedevelopmentconcepts,deepeningreformandpromotingtheall-roundopeningup,ensuringandimprovingpeople'slivelihood,strengthentheconstructionofecologicalcivilization,"fivepriorities",playdevelopmentmix.Towithnewdevelopmentconceptmeasurework,andcommandaction,andtrainingcadres,inimplementimplementationnewdevelopmentconceptinthelookingforopportunities,andbuildhighlights,andexpandadvantage;tofulldeepeningreform,breakboundtheaspectscreatedvitalityofsystemmechanismobstacles;toactiveadvancefullaspectsopening,participation"inthecastRussianEconomicCorridor"construction;toguaranteesandimprovedlivelihood,stronglywonpovertybattle;tostrengtheningecologicalcivilizationconstruction,forsustainabledevelopmentreservedspace,forfuturegenerationsleftskyblue,andtogreen,andwaterclearofbetterhomes.Wemustin-depthimplementimplementationnewdevelopmentconcept,insistedtoeconomicconstructionforCenter,firmlycaughtdevelopmentthisfirstpriority,absorbedmakeconstruction,heartnodistractionscaughtdevelopment,speedupdevelopment"sixbigindustry",in-depthimplementation"threebigengineering",activecreate"twobigenvironment",outofaarticlequalitymorehigh,andbenefitsbetter,andstructuremoreexcellentoftransformationdevelopmentofroad.Tostrengthenecologicalconstruction.OnMarch22,thedeeprestructuringexaminedandadoptedtheopiniononperfectingcompensationmechanismofecologicalprotection,proposedtoexploretheestablishmentofdiversifiedecologicalcompensationmechanism,progressiverealizationofforests,grasslands,wetlandsandotherareasoffocusandkeyecologicalfunctionandotherimportantregionalecologicalcompensationcoverage,theecologicaladvantagesoftheregionwillbefurtherhighlighted.Weneedtogogreeneco-building,astheessentialpolicy,instrictaccordancewiththeStateofmainfunctionregionconstructionrequirements,carefulimplementationandXiaoxing'anmountainsforestecologicalprotectionandeconomicrestructuringplanfortheconstructionofskyblue,...Actsprohibitedbypickinguptheremainingwellsinstandingtimber.Tofocusonforestresourceconservation,increasetheacquisitionandsupervisionofcoldstorage,nobuyfruit,encouragesupporttoleadingenterprises,workers'cooperativesasaunit,thecontractmanagementofforestresources,therationalprotectionandutilizationofresources.ToworkactivelytowardspolicyaimedfromtheleveloftheStateForestryAdministrationformulatedregulationstoprotectforestresourcesassoonaspossibletoachievelawandregulationtoprotectforestresources.Shouldfocusonforestfireprevention.
Firesafetyisthefirstpriority
地质学复习资料
4、灾变论与均变论的代表人物（很大机会考）及其主要思想（不考）？灾变论：地球上的绝大多数变化是突然、迅速和灾难性地发生的。代表人物：法国地质学家、古生物学家居维叶
均变论：地球表面的所有特征都是由难以觉察的、作用时间较长的自然过程形成的。代表人物：英国著名地质学家、“现代地质学之父”莱伊尔
5、地质学发展史各个时期的若干代表人物及其代表作？（很大机会考）（时间不考）①萌芽时期(远古－公元1450年
对岩石、矿物的认识和积累，对地震、火山、洪水等地质作用和自然灾害的认识，中世纪欧洲和我国对海陆变迁、古气候变化的初步认识。(希腊的亚里士多德和我国的沈括－《梦溪笔谈》②奠定时期(公元1450－1750年
欧洲的文艺复兴使得人类对地球的历史开始有了比较科学的解释。
意大利的达.芬奇、丹麦的斯泰诺N、英国的伍德沃德、胡克等对化石的生物成因的认识。
斯泰诺的地层层序律(1669
对岩石和矿物学的认识—李时珍在《本草纲目》(1578中记载了200多种矿物、岩石和化石；德国的阿格里科拉G对矿物、矿脉生成过程的研究。③形成时期(公元1750－1840年
英国工业革命、法国大革命和启蒙思想的推动下，地质考察和探险旅行在欧洲兴起，使得人类对地球的认识从思辨性转向以野外观察为主的实证性研究。我国有徐霞客的《徐霞客游记》。
水成论(以德国的维尔纳为代表和火成论(英国的赫顿J为代表。他们的争论使得地质学成为一门独立的学科。
英国史密斯W、法国居维叶G和拉马克J.B等对古生物学、地层学方面的研究，促进了地质学体系的形成。其中，均变论和灾变论的百年来的争论对其产生重要的影响。④发展时期(公元1840－1910年
工业化的发展，使得各国开展对区域地质调查工作，由此推动地质学各分支学科的迅速建立和发展。例如：
瑞士阿加西J.L.R对冰川学的研究
thefirstresponsibilityoftheforest,26thspringareahasfullydeployedtothefire,hasnowenteredthefire,wehavetobeonduty,anddefend.Determinedtoovercomeparalysis,mustnot"Twelve-Five"nofiresinthepast,thereducedrequirementsduringtheperiod.Toapplystrictlythepartywiththeresponsibility,mustshouldertheresponsibilityofthePartySecretaryinparticular,reallypracticepipes,itcannevershuaishouzhanggui,besuretolayertheimplementationfallsfireresponsibility,toensurethatnomajorforestfires.Toadheretobalanced,correctlyhandletherelationshipbetweenfireandprojectconstruction,industrialdevelopment,to"nevermissortwo."Second,tospeedupthedevelopmentofsixmajorindustries.Promotedevelopmentinourregion,thekeyistogivefullplaytoresourceadvantagetobuildeco-oriented"bigsix"system,tocreatethenewengineofeconomicgrowth.Firmconfidence.Practicehasprovedthatthe"bigsix"ofbothcentralandprovincialrequirements,andmeettheactualdahingganmountains,throughactiveeffortshavebeenshowingastrongmomentumofdevelopment.So,inthe"six"ondevelopment,wemustbefirminfaith,goallout,perseverance,onecaughtintheend,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,doesnotreachthetargetwillnevergiveup.Shouldfocusonindustrialprojects.Projectistoacceleratetheindustrialdevelopmentofimportantsupportandbacking.Industrialprojectconstruction,myareatherearefewinnumber,smallsize,lowlevelproblems.Thisyear,theprojectashispartyhas"firstproject",wehavetoworkhardtoprojectconstruction.Especiallyeffectiveduringshort,catchingprojectshallnot,slow,draggingnotallowed.Alllocalitiesshouldconscientiouslyimplementtheprojectleadershipsystem,timetable,roadmap,andcoordinateservices,trackingthewholeprocessforward,inverteddurations,speedingupprogressandseekpracticalresults.PoisedtobreaktheprojectbuildSetchallenges,toacceleratethepaceofpreliminaryformalities,theenterpriseshavedifficultiestopullonewayandalsohelpinatimelymannertohelpbusinessesmarket,enhanceconfidence,urgingworkassoonaspossible.Tostrengthentheprojectanalysis,properriskanalysisandimproveprojectsuccessrates.(SpecifictotheXX,westillwanttomakegooduseofagriculturaladvantages,relyingontheupperreachesoftheforestinthefreshairandXXXpurewaterandotherresources,createhigh-quality,high-gradegreenfoodbrands,trulyreflecttheoriginalcharacter.Meanwhile,adheretotheprojectasthebreakthroughtopromoteeconomicdevelopmentaroundthe"sixindustrialchain"topayspecialattentiontoformingprojects,digpotentialprojects,focusonkeyprojects,activelycultivatingthenewleadingindustriesandnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth.Topromoteinvestment.Moreaccurateprofessionalbusiness,andbasedmyindustrialbaseandresources,aimedatnational

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地质学复习(自己整理的)(修改过的)

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