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MATLAB（定稿）

发布时间：2017-01-17 09:38:36

实验一

练习

1 使用who whos查看变量内容

>> a=2.5

a =

2.5000

>> b=[1 2;3 4]

b =

1 2

3 4

>> c='a'

c =

>> d=sin(a*b*pi/180)

d =

0.0436 0.0872

0.1305 0.1736

>> e=a+c

e =

99.5000

>> who

Your variables are:

a b c d e

>> whos

Name Size Bytes Class Attributes

a 1x1 8 double

b 2x2 32 double

c 1x1 2 char

d 2x2 32 double

e 1x1 8 double

2 绘制柱状图

>> x=[1 2 3 4 5];

>> y=sin(x)

y =

0.8415 0.9093 0.1411 -0.7568 -0.9589

>> plot(y,'DisplayName','y','YDataSource','y');figure(gcf)

>> hist(y);figure(gcf);

>> x=[1 2 3 4 5];

>> y=sin(x)

y =

0.8415 0.9093 0.1411 -0.7568 -0.9589

>> hist(y);figure(gcf);

自我练习

x=[1 3 5 7 9]

y=2*x

plot(y)

实验二

练习

1使用全下标方式获取a矩阵中第二列子矩阵块

a=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]

b=a(:,2)

a = b =

1 2 3 2

4 5 6 5

7 8 9 8

2使用logspace函数创建0-4*pi行向量有二十个元素,查看元素分布情况。

>> c=logspace(0,4*pi,20)

c =

1.0e+12 *

Columns 1 through 7

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Columns 8 through 14

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0004

Columns 15 through 20

0.0018 0.0083 0.0382 0.1752 0.8035 3.6844

3 验证关系式

A=[1/3 0 0;0 1/4 0;0 0 1/7]

B=inv(A)*inv(inv(A)-eye(3))*6*A

ZUO=A\(B*A)

YOU=6*A+B*A

A =

0.3333 0 0

0 0.2500 0

0 0 0.1429

B =

3.0000 0 0

0 2.0000 0

0 0 1.0000

ZUO =

3.0000 0 0

0 2.0000 0

0 0 1.0000

YOU =

3.0000 0 0

0 2.0000 0

0 0 1.0000

4 將矩正的乘除运算改为数组的点除运算

A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]

B=[1 1 1;2 2 2;3 3 3]

A*B

c1=A.*B

d1=A/B

d2=A./B

A = B =

1 2 3 1 1 1

4 5 6 2 2 2

7 8 9 3 3 3

ans = c1 =

14 14 14 1 2 3

32 32 32 8 10 12

50 50 50 21 24 27

Warning: Matrix is singular to working precision.

> In matlabP322 at 5

d1 =

NaN NaN NaN

NaN NaN Na

d2 =

1.0000 2.0000 3.0000

2.0000 2.5000 3.0000

2.3333 2.6667 3.0000

5 使用数组编辑窗口查看变量a，b，c

6 使用setfield命令进行上述修改

student(1)=struct('name','Rose','Id','20030102','score',[95,93,84,72,88])

student =

Id: '20030102'

score: [95 93 84 72 88]

>> student=setfield(student,{1},'score','[95,73,84,72,88]')

student =

Id: '20030102'

score: '[95,73,84,72,88]'

7 使用图形和文字显示average的各元胞内容

>> student(1)=struct('name','John','Td','20030115','scores',[85,96,74,82,68])

student =

Td: '20030115'

scores: [85 96 74 82 68]

>> student(2)=struct('name','Rose','Td','20030102','scores',[95,93,84,72,88])

student =

1x2 struct array with fields:

name

scores

>> student(3)=struct('name','Billy','Td','20030117','scores',[72,83,78,80,83])

student =

1x3 struct array with fields:

name

scores

>> all_scores=cat(1,student.scores)

all_scores =

85 96 74 82 68

95 93 84 72 88

72 83 78 80 83

>> average_scores=mean(all_scores)

average_scores =

84.0000 90.6667 78.6667 78.0000 79.6667

方法一

>> average={'平均成绩',average_scores}

average =

'平均成绩' [1x5 double]

方法二

>> average(1)={'平均成绩'}

average =

'平均成绩'

>> average(2)={average_scores}

average =

'平均成绩' [1x5 double]

方法三

>> average{1}='平均成绩';

>> average{2}=average_scores

average =

'平均成绩' [1x5 double]

自我练习

1 使用LU和QR分解线性方程

A=[2 -3 0 2;1 5 2 1;3 -1 1 -1;4 1 2 2]

B=[8;2;7;12]

X=A\B

[L,U]=lu(A)

X=U\(L\B)

[Q,R]=qr(A)

X=R\(Q\B)

A = B =

2 -3 0 2 8

1 5 2 1 2

3 -1 1 -1 7

4 1 2 2 12

X = L =

3.0000 0.5000 -0.7368 1.0000 0

0.0000 0.2500 1.0000 0 0

-1.0000 0.7500 -0.3684 0.5000 1.0000

1.0000 1.0000 0 0 0

U = X =

4.0000 1.0000 2.0000 2.0000 3.0000

0 4.7500 1.5000 0.5000 0.0000

0 0 0.1053 1.3684 -1.0000

0 0 0 -3.0000 1.0000

Q =

-0.3651 0.5000 0.6708 0.4082

-0.1826 -0.8333 0.5217 -0.0000

-0.5477 0.1667 0.0745 -0.8165

-0.7303 -0.1667 -0.5217 0.4082

R = X =

-5.4772 0 -2.3735 -1.8257 3.0000

0 -6.0000 -1.8333 -0.3333 -0.0000

0 0 0.0745 0.7454 -1.0000

0 0 0 2.4495 1.0000

>> Untitled3

A = B =

2 -3 0 2 8

1 5 2 1 2

3 -1 1 -1 7

4 1 2 2 12

X = L =

3.0000 0.5000 -0.7368 1.0000 0

0.0000 0.2500 1.0000 0 0

-1.0000 0.7500 -0.3684 0.5000 1.0000

1.0000 1.0000 0 0 0

U = X =

4.0000 1.0000 2.0000 2.0000 3.0000

0 4.7500 1.5000 0.5000 0.0000

0 0 0.1053 1.3684 -1.0000

0 0 0 -3.0000 1.0000

Q = R =

-0.3651 0.5000 0.6708 0.4082 -5.4772 0 -2.3735 -1.8257

-0.1826 -0.8333 0.5217 -0.0000 0 -6.0000 -1.8333 -0.3333

-0.5477 0.1667 0.0745 -0.8165 00 0 0.0745 0.7454

-0.7303 -0.1667 -0.5217 0.4082 0 0 0 2.4495

X =

3.0000

-0.0000

-1.0000

1.0000

2 按表达式得出三阶，五阶拟合表达式和曲线

x=0:100;

y=[6 4 2 -7 10]

y0=polyval(y,x);

p3=polyfit(x,y0,3);

p5=polyfit(x,y0,5);

y3=polyval(p3,x);

y5=polyval(p5,x);

plot(x,y0,'o')

hold on

plot(x,y3,'r')

plot(x,y5,'g')

实验三

练习

1 用y替换x,查看结果及其数据类型

>> f=sym('sin(x)')

f =

sin(x)

>> x=0:10;

>> y=subs(f,x)

y =

Columns 1 through 7

0 0.8415 0.9093 0.1411 -0.7568 -0.9589 -0.2794

Columns 8 through 11

0.6570 0.9894 0.4121 -0.5440

>> z=subs(f,y)

z =

Columns 1 through 7

0 0.7456 0.7891 0.1407 -0.6866 -0.8186 -0.2758

Columns 8 through 11

0.6107 0.8357 0.4006 -0.5176

2 将y1用sym函数转换为符号对象，并用d f e r四种格式表示

f=sym('sin(x)')

x=0:10;

y=subs(f,x)

whos

z=subs(f,y)

whos

y1=sym('sin(5)')

y=double(y1)

d=sym(y,'d')

f=sym(y,'f')

e=sym(y,'e')

r=sym(y,'r')

f =

sin(x)

y =

Columns 1 through 7

0 0.8415 0.9093 0.1411 -0.7568 -0.9589 -0.2794

Columns 8 through 11

0.6570 0.9894 0.4121 -0.5440

Name Size Bytes Class Attributes

A 4x4 128 double

B 4x1 32 double

L 4x4 128 double

Q 4x4 128 double

R 4x4 128 double

U 4x4 128 double

X 4x1 32 double

f 1x1 112 sym

f1 1x1 112 sym

f2 1x1 112 sym

f3 1x1 112 sym

x 1x11 88 double

y 1x11 88 double

z =

Columns 1 through 7

0 0.7456 0.7891 0.1407 -0.6866 -0.8186 -0.2758

Columns 8 through 11

0.6107 0.8357 0.4006 -0.5176

Name Size Bytes Class Attributes

A 4x4 128 double

B 4x1 32 double

L 4x4 128 double

Q 4x4 128 double

R 4x4 128 double

U 4x4 128 double

X 4x1 32 double

f 1x1 112 sym

f1 1x1 112 sym

f2 1x1 112 sym

f3 1x1 112 sym

x 1x11 88 double

y 1x11 88 double

z 1x11 88 double

y1 =

sin(5)

y =

-0.9589

d =

-0.95892427466313845396683746002964

f =

-8637222012098867/9007199254740992

e =

-8637222012098867/9007199254740992

r =

-8637222012098867/9007199254740992

3 使用expand collect simplify 函数进行，，，，

f=sym('x^2+3*x+2')

f1=simplify(f)

f2=expand(f1)

f3=collect(f2)

f =

x^2 + 3*x + 2

f1 =

(x + 1)*(x + 2)

f2 =

x^2 + 3*x + 2

f3 =

x^2 + 3*x + 2

4 将f转换为以t为符号变量的符号表达式，

f=poly2sym([1 3 2])

f =

x^2 + 3*x + 2

h=poly2sym([1 3 2],sym('t'))

h =

t^2 + 3*t + 2

5 对符号举证A进行求特征值，对角阵等运算

A=sym('[x^2;2*x cos(2*t)]')

A =

[ x, x^2]

[ 2*x, cos(2*t)]

>> diag(A)

ans =

cos(2*t)

6 对符号举证A求极限和积分

>> int(A)

ans =

[ x^2/2, x^3/3]

[ x^2, x*cos(2*t)]

>> limit(A)

ans =

[ 0, 0]

[ 0, cos(2*t)]

7 当y(0)=1,z(0)=5等，求微分方程组的解

>> [y,z]=dsolve('Dy-z=cos(x),Dz+y=1','y(0)=1,z(0)=5','x')

y =

(11*sin(x))/2 + (x*cos(x))/2 + 1

z =

5*cos(x) - (x*sin(x))/2

自我练习

1 已知开环传递函数F（S）=；；；；

syms R F C s

R=1/s;

F=(2*s^2+3*s+3)/((s+1)*(s+3)^3);

C=R*F;

sym f;

f=ilaplace(C)

f =

(5*exp(-3*t))/36 - exp(-t)/4 + (t*exp(-3*t))/6 + t^2*exp(-3*t) + 1/9

2 用notebook计算，，，

实验四

练习

1 修改横坐标的刻度为“0 pi/2 2”：

t1=0:0.01:2;

y1=sin(2*pi*t1);

plot(t1,y1)

axis([0,2,-2,2])

set(gca,'XTick',0:pi/2:2)

set(gca,'XTicklabel',{'0','pi/2','2*pi'})

2 将三条曲线用不同的线性，为图形加坐标框

t1=0:0.01:2;

y1=exp(-t1);

plot(t1,y1,'r-')

hold on

y2=exp(-2*t1);

plot(t1,y2,'o');

hold on

y3=exp(-3*t1);

plot(t1,y3,'*');

axis on

3 添加图形的网格并添加文字指数曲线在第一条旁边

4 将坐标轴字体设置为12号粗体，蓝色

5 使用area和scatter命令，绘制面积图和点图。

> x=0:0.3:2*pi;

>> y=sin(x);

>> subplot(1,2,1)

>> area(x,y)

>> subplot(1,2,2)

>> scatter(x,y)

6 使用plottools窗口查看图形和变量。

GUI设计：

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.

function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

grid on

msgbox('Grid on','message')

% --- If Enable == 'on', executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border.

% --- Otherwise, executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border or over pushbutton1.

function pushbutton1_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)

% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

x=[0 1 1 2 2 3];

y=[1 1 0 0 1 1];

plot(x,y)

axis([0 4 0 2])

msgbox('Painting square wave','message')

自我练习

1 在图中画出一排两个子图分别用条形图和饼状图画成3*3魔方阵：

magic(3)

subplot(1,2,1)

bar(ans)

subplot(1,2,2)

pie(ans)

2 绘制双纵坐标曲纵坐标分别为正弦和余弦曲线

x1=0:0.1:2*pi;

x2=-pi:0.1:pi;

plotyy(x1,sin(x1),x2,cos(x2))

实验五

练习

1将该M函数文件改为M脚本文件，将数列元素个数通过键盘输入，程序该如何修改。

f(1)=1;f(2)=1;

%i=2;

%while i<=n;

%f(i+1)=f(i-1)+f(i);

%i=i+1;

n=input('input n number:');

for i=2:n;

if f(i)>50 break;

else

f(i+1)=f(i-1)+f(i);

end

2 修改程序，使用while循环代替for循环实现本例功能

function f=shiyan0501(n)

%UNTITLED3 Summary of this function goes here

% Detailed explanation goes here

%SHIYAN0501 Fibonacci¹¹³É

%FibonacciÊýÁÐ

%n ÔªËØ¸öÊý

%f ¹¹³ÉFibonacciÊýÁÐÏòÁ¿

f(1)=1;f(2)=1;

i=2;

while i<=n;

f(i+1)=f(i-1)+f(i);

i=i+1;

end

3 如果不使用子函数factorial，而直接在cal函数中计算阶乘，应如何修改程序。

function k = cal(n1 )

%UNTITLED6 Summary of this function goes here

% Detailed explanation goes here

%¼ÆËãÏµÊýk

%global n;

for m=1:n1

k=factorial(2*n1)/(2^(2*n1)*(factorial(n1))^2*(2*n1+1));

m=1;

while m<=n1;

k=factorial(2*n1)/(2^(2*n1)*(factorial(n1))^2*(2*n1+1));

m=m+1;

End

4 利用函数句柄求[-1,1]的面积

y=quad(@shiyan0503,-1,1)

5 利用内联函数求8附近的极小值

>> a=0.1;

>> b=0.5;

>> f=inline('(sin(t)).^2.*exp(.1*t)-0.5*abs(t)','t')

f =

Inline function:

f(t) = (sin(t)).^2.*exp(.1*t)-0.5*abs(t)

>> x1=fminbnd(f,6,10)

x1 =

9.5214

自我练习

1 编写函数计算苏如参数r为圆半径的圆面积和周长：

function [S,C]=exercise(r)

%UNTITLED6 Summary of this function goes here

% Detailed explanation goes here

S=pi*r^2;

C=2*pi*r;

%[S,C]=exercises(z);

%function [x,y]=exercises(r)

end

2 创建内联函数，并绘制其曲线：

function exercise2( )

%UNTITLED7 Summary of this function goes here

% Detailed explanation goes here

t=-10:0.01:10;

h_plotxy=str2func('plotxy')

y=feval(h_plotxy,t);

function y1=plotxy(r)

y1=inline('sin(r)./r','r');

plot(r,y1(r))

实验六

练习

1 将传递函数转换为状态空间法和零极点增益描述

a =

-3.3333 -5.3333 -4.5000 -2.5000 -1.5000

1.0000 0 0 0 0

0 1.0000 0 0 0

0 0 1.0000 0 0

0 0 0 1.0000 0

b =

c =

0 0 0 0 0.8333

d =

z =

Empty matrix: 0-by-1

p =

-1.0388 + 1.0728i

-1.0388 - 1.0728i

-1.2799

0.0122 + 0.7248i

0.0122 - 0.7248i

k =

0.8333

2 查看所有共轭极点的阻尼系数和固有频率

[wn,zeta]=damp(GT2)

wn =

0.7249

1.2799

1.3333

1.4934

zeta =

-1.0000

-0.0168

1.0000

0.6956

3 GT1转换为状态空间法模型和零极点增益模型并查看属性

[a,b,c,d]=tf2ss(num{1},den{1})

get(GT1)

[z,p,k]=tf2zp(num{1},den{1})

get(GT1)

a =

-3.3333 -5.3333 -4.5000 -2.5000 -1.5000

1.0000 0 0 0 0

0 1.0000 0 0 0

0 0 1.0000 0 0

0 0 0 1.0000 0

b =

c =

0 0 0 0 0.8333

d =

num: {[0 0 0 0 0 0.8333]}

den: {[1 3.3333 5.3333 4.5000 2.5000 1.5000]}

Variable: 'z'

ioDelay: 0

InputDelay: 0

OutputDelay: 0

Ts: 0.1000

TimeUnit: 'seconds'

InputName: {''}

InputUnit: {''}

InputGroup: [1x1 struct]

OutputName: {''}

OutputUnit: {''}

OutputGroup: [1x1 struct]

Name: ''

Notes: {}

UserData: []

z =

Empty matrix: 0-by-1

p =

-1.0388 + 1.0728i

-1.0388 - 1.0728i

-1.2799

0.0122 + 0.7248i

0.0122 - 0.7248i

k =

0.8333

num: {[0 0 0 0 0 0.8333]}

den: {[1 3.3333 5.3333 4.5000 2.5000 1.5000]}

Variable: 'z'

ioDelay: 0

InputDelay: 0

OutputDelay: 0

Ts: 0.1000

TimeUnit: 'seconds'

InputName: {''}

InputUnit: {''}

InputGroup: [1x1 struct]

OutputName: {''}

OutputUnit: {''}

OutputGroup: [1x1 struct]

Name: ''

Notes: {}

UserData: []

4 在Nicholas曲线添加M线和线，用鼠标单击曲线可以看到所单击点的坐标和频率。

>> ngrid()

5使用rltool命令打开根轨迹分析的图形界面，并修改系统参数查看根轨迹的变化

>> rltool(GG2)

6 使用双线性变换的方式将连续系统转换为离散系统

Ga=c2d(G,0.5,’tustin’)

Ga =

0.0495 z^2 + 0.09901 z + 0.0495

-------------------------------

z^2 - 1.485 z + 0.6832

Sample time: 0.5 seconds

Discrete-time transfer function.

7 在窗口单击右键选择菜单“PLOT TYPE”--“BODE”显示伯德图并显示其频域指示

显示伯德图

实验7

练习

1 将传递函数1/（0.5s+1）修改为前向通道为1/0.5*s的单位反馈闭环系统

2修改仿真参数“Max step size”为2，“Min step size”为1，在示波器上查看波形。

3 修改示波器Y坐标范围为0—2，横坐标范围0--15

4 在Icon选卡中为封装子系统的封面添加传递函数和曲线

4 将仿真时间设为0—20 将SCOPE时间设为0—15 将SCOPE1时间范围设置为0--25

5 使用sinks模块库的out1模块作为工作空间的变量输出，用plot绘制波形

5调整“Pluse Generate”查看不同方波延时和脉宽变化

自我练习

1 使用阶跃信号作为输入

2 在命令窗口输入T值

综合实验

1 编程实现两序列卷积，序列初始值自定，给出各序列图形，并将输入输出数据文件；

x=[ones(1,15)];

x1=[ones(1,15),zeros(1,45)];

N1=length(x);

n1=0:N1-1;

N2=60;n2=0:N2-1;

h=0.8.^n2;

y=conv(x,h);

N=N1+N2-1;n=0:N-1;

subplot(3,1,1);stem(n2,x1);title('x(n)=u(n)-u(n-15)');

subplot(3,1,2);stem(n2,h);title('h(n)=0.8^n*u(n)');

subplot(313);stem(n,y);title('¾í»ý');

以第一步程序为基础，实现两序列卷积的GUI设计，两输入序列值由控件输入，输出值由控件输出并绘图

2 mt = cos(2*pi*fm*t); %信源（调制信号）

s_am = (A+mt).*cos(2*pi*fc*t); %已调信号

编程完善程序，频率fm、fc值自定，并绘图显示；

以第一步数据建立.MDL模拟调制系统模型，设置好参数，观察已调信号。

MATLAB（定稿）

MATLAB（定稿）

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