Part Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language

Ⅰ.重点单词

1．bar n．条；棒；条状物

2．damage n．&vt.损失；损害

3．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地

4．express vt.表达；表示 n．快车；速递

5．outline n．要点；大纲；轮廓

6．headline n．报刊的大字标题

7．cyclist n．骑自行车的人→cycle vi.骑自行车

8．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺

9．judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官→judgment n．审判；判决；裁判；判断

10．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的

Ⅱ.核心短语

1．of__no__use　　　　　　　没有用

2．give__out 发生，散发(热、光等)；用完；耗尽

3．refer__to 参考；涉及；提到

4．give/make__a__speech 发表演说

5．be__pleased__to__do__sth 很高兴地做某事

6．be proud of 为……而自豪，以……为荣

7．compare with 和……相比，和……比起来

8．wake up 醒来

9．raise/collect money for 为……筹钱

Ⅲ.经典句式

1．Here__are__my__neighbours whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.

这就是我的邻居们，他们的家被地震毁掉了。

2．Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all__of__whom agreed that it was the best one this year.

评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为这是今年最好的。

3．As__you__know，this is the day the quake happened...years ago.

正如你所知，……年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。

4．From July 5 to 28，a team of cyclists known__as Bikers for Disaster－Hit Areas will ride their bikes 1，888 km from Lijiang，Yunnan Province，to Lhasa，Tibet.

从7月5日至28日，一队被称为“助灾车队”的自行车手，即将骑自行车从云南的丽江出发，进行1 888公里的旅行，最后到达西藏拉萨。

►转化

damage n．损失；损害→vt.毁坏；损害

judge n．裁判员；法官→vt.判定；判断；判决

express vt. 表示；表达→n. 快车；速递

►派生

　1.形容词后缀：－ing，－ed

frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的

　2.名词后缀：－ion，－ist

congratulate v．道贺；祝贺→congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词

►合成

out(全部)＋line(轮廓线)→outline n. 要点；大纲

head(上端；顶部；前端)＋line(排，行)→headline n．报刊的大字标题

Office of the City Government

Tangshan，Hebei

China

July 5，201 ________

Dear ________，

Congratulations①！We are pleased to② tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges③，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year．Your parents and your school should be very proud of④ you!

Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster．The park will also honour⑤ those who helped the survivors.Our office would like to⑥ have you speak⑦ to the park visitors on July 28 at 11∶00 am.As you know，this is the day the quake happened thirty－________ years ago.

We invite you to bring your family⑧ and friends on that special day.

Sincerely，⑨

Zhang Sha,

①congratulation /kənˌɡrætʃu'leIʃn/ n．祝贺；(复数)贺词

②be pleased to do sth乐于做某事

③judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n．裁判员；法官

vt.断定；判断；判决

judging from/by...根据……判断，常作状语。

※of whom引导的定语从句，修饰先行词judges。

④be proud of...为……感到自豪；因……而骄傲

※who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。

⑤honour vt.尊重；尊敬 n．荣誉；光荣

⑥would like to do sth愿意做某事

⑦have sb do sth让某人做某事

※as引导定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。

⑧family在这里指“家人”。

⑨sincerely /sIn'sIəlI/ adv.真诚地；真挚地

Choose the best answer according to the text.

1．What’s the speaking competition about?

A．The earthquake which happened in Tangshan.

B．The old Tangshan.

C．New Tangshan.

D．New China.

2．Why will the city open a new park?

A．To honour those who died and those who helped the survivors in the disaster.

B．To honour the students who have won the speaking competition.

C．To show respect to the heroes who died for the new Tangshan.

D．To show respect to the people who work for the new Tangshan.

3．When did the terrible earthquake happen in Tangshan?

A．On August 26. B.On August 27.

C．On July 27. D.On July 28.

4．If you are the student who has won the competition，who can you bring to the park?

A．Your family.

B．Your friends.

C．Your family and teachers.

D．Your friends and family.

5．The student is invited to________.

A．take part in the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan

B．give a speech to the park visitors on July 28

C．help to prepare for the opening of the new park

D．visit the new park just as a guest

答案　1.C　2.A　3.D　4.D　5.B

1.damage n．& vt.损失；损害(教材P28)

do/cause damage to　　　　对……造成损害

damage one’s health/reputation 损害某人的健康/名誉

①Most of the damage was caused by your sister.

大部分损失是你妹妹造成的。

②The heavy rain damaged many houses.

大雨损坏了许多房子。

③Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach.

一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。

[易混辨析]　damage/destroy

[巧学助记]

[即学即用]　选用上述单词填空

④You have destroyed my hopes of happiness.

⑤Smoking seriously damages your health.

2.frightening adj.令人恐惧的

It was a frightening night.(教材P28)

那是一个令人恐惧的夜晚。

(1)frightened adj.　　　　受惊的；受恐吓的

be frightened of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事

be frightened to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事

(2)frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬

frighten sb into/out of (doing) sth 吓得某人(做)某事/吓得某人不敢(做)某事

frighten sb/sth away/off 把……吓走(吓跑)

①She was frightened to__see (see) a figure in the dark.

她在黑暗中看到了人影，心里很害怕。

②The man frightened the old lady into signing the paper.

那个人恐吓那位老太太，使她签了文件。

③The dog frightened the squirrels away/off．

狗把松鼠吓跑了。

[易混辨析]　frightening/frightened

[一言辨异]

The news was frightening and they were all frightened.那个消息令人恐惧，他们都吓坏了。

3.congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词

Congratulations！(教材P30)祝贺你！

(1)offer/send one’s congratulations to sb　向某人致以祝贺

congratulations to sb on sth 为某事向某人祝贺

Congratulations! 祝贺！/恭喜！

(2)congratulate v. 祝贺

congratulate sb on sth 为某事向某人祝贺

①We sent our congratulations to her when she passed the exam.

当她通过考试时，我们向她表示祝贺。

②I congratulate you on what you have achieved.

祝贺你取得的成绩。

③Congratulations (congratulate) to you on your superb performance!

祝贺你精彩的演出！

4.judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决

Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(教材P30)

评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲后，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。

judge sb/sth as/to be＋n./adj.　判断/认为……是……

judge that... 判断……；认为……

judge...by/from... 根据……判断……

judging by/from... 从……来判断

①A color－blind man can’t judge colors.

色盲的人不能判断颜色。

②Don’t judge a book by/from its cover.

勿以貌取人。

③Judging (judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed.

从他的话来判断，他非常失望。

④The concert was judged to have been a great success.这场音乐会被认为是大获成功。

[名师点津]　judging from/by...置于句首作状语，不受句子主语的限制，构成独立成分。

give out发出(气味、热等)；分发；用尽；公布

gas that hot water gives out(教材P28)

热水散发出的气体

[一词多义]写出下列句中give out的含义

①I saw a man giving out handbills in the street.分发

②After a month their food supplies gave out.用尽

③The results of the examination won’t be given out.公布

As you know, this is the day the quake happened...(教材P30)

你知道，这一天正是唐山地震发生的日子……

as you know是非限制性定语从句，as 代替整个主句的内容。as 引导非限制性定语从句时，放在主句前后均可，意为“正如”，后边的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等。

as is known to all　　众所周知

as is expected 正如所预料的那样

as is said 正如所说的那样

as is reported 正如所报道的那样

as we all know 正如我们所知道的那样

as you can see 正如你所看见的那样

as is often the case 这是常有的事

①As I expected，he got the first place again in this mid－term examination.

正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

②As was reported，India failed in sending up a satellite.

据报道，印度发射卫星失败了。

③As is__known(know) to us, China has the largest population in the world.

众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。

④As is often the case, we found that the solution was in the details.

我们发现解决方案非常详细，这是常有的情况。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The storm didn’t do much damage．

2．The man was too frightened (害怕的) to stand up.

3．Don’t frighten her.She’s just a little girl.

4．The girl was rescued (救出) from the well.

5．The children buried (掩埋) eggs in the garden.

6．We’re glad to get together to offer our congratulations (祝贺) on our homeland’s success in the competition.

7．Judging from his appearance，the manager can’t be over 60 years old.

8．He can express himself in fluent English now after studying hard for four years.

9．My father has a habit of reading the headlines (大字标题) of newspapers over breakfast.

10．Several cyclists (骑自行车的人) passed by us，raising a cloud of dirt.

Ⅱ.选词填空

congratulate...on...，be proud of，in honour of，express one’s thanks to...，judging by

1．Judging__by his accent，he must be from my hometown.

2．I’d like to express__my__thanks__to you for what you did all these years.

3．The stadium was named in__honour__of the club’s first chairman.

4．She congratulated me warmly on my exam results.

5．You should be__proud__of yourself.

Ⅲ.补全句子

1．As__was__expected，he won the gold medal in the competition.

正如所预料的那样，他在比赛中赢得了金牌。

2．John was__studying__in__his__room__when he heard someone screaming.

约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到有人尖叫。

3．As__is__known__to__all/As__we__all__know，the West Lake is famous for its beauty.

众所周知，西湖以其美而闻名。

4．①We were__about__to__leave__when a big noise came from the next room.(about)

②We were__on__the__point__of__leaving__when a big noise came from the next room.(point)

我们正要离开时隔壁发出了巨大的响声。

5．I’m grateful that you have__rescued__me__from__the__difficult__situation．

我很感激，你把我从困境中解救了出来。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The teacher is giving out new textbooks among his students.

2．The accident caused some damage to my car，but it’s nothing serious.

3．Mr Smith looks disappointed because his car got seriously damaged (damage) in the accident yesterday.

4．Here is (be) the book you want.

5．Look！There comes (come) the school bus!

6．There was a pleased expression (express) on her face.

7．She got very frightened (frighten) when a plane flew over her head.

8．I sincerely (sincere) hope I can get your reply soon.

9．Let’s get together to congratulate (congratulation) you on your passing the driving test.

10．He was run down by a cyclist (cycle) and was injured badly.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1．In the earthquake, about two millions people lost their homes and thousands of houses fell into ruin.millions→million

2．Judge from the look on his face, he hasn’t found his son trapped in the mine.Judge→Judging

3．I congratulate you to your success.to→on

4．The earthquake did damage for the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.for→to

5．The little girl is frightening of walking through the forest.frightening→frightened

Ⅲ.课文短文改错

Dear student，

Congratulations！We are pleased to telling you that you have won a high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of who agreed that it was the best one in this year.Your family should proud of you! Our office would like to have you say in the new park, which will honour those that died in the terrible disaster.What you know, this is the day the quake happened forty－one years before.We invite you to bring your family and friends in that special day.

答案

Dear student，

word/media/image2.gifCongratulations! We are pleased to 79c4b477da26d8e5b77c4488ca516897.png you that you have won 0185ac48c1017937353c3d0019c75f4f.png high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of 908f5e899f0f22db57ee922a92616666.png agreed that it was the best one b64d7b641727eb7d112cb514cc51bc03.png this year.Your family should e84f55d1c21f0b552b7082a8f113f2a2.png proud of you! Our office would like to have you deec4a3195f8f2a2fdb75b5934a9c592.png in the new park, which will honour those e40017964dea88cfa5dd2571f350d52e.png died in the terrible disaster.65d951538febeaf0d4abc009e808829d.png you know, this is the day the quake happened forty－one years 1b1d5ebd6be23e97b588f901dcf7c928.png.We invite you to bring your family and friends f22ba6a255f2576f6c615d931ca770e2.png that special day.

Ⅳ.阅读理解

During an earthquake, you should know what to do.If the earthquake strikes while you’re inside a house, you should lie on the floor under a strong table or other furniture.If there is no furniture, you can cover your head with your arms and keep still in the corner of the room.You should keep away from windows, glass walls, or anything that can fall.

If you are in bed, hold firmly onto your bed and make use of a pillow to safeguard your head.You may use a doorway but only when it is close to you.It should also be considered whether it is strong enough to deal with the load.

If you are running out，do not use lifts, even if they work.Electricity may go out at any time.Many injuries happen when people try to rush out.This means you ought to stay in your house or perhaps wherever you are.

When you stay outdoors, you should stay far from buildings, power wires or lights.You should be in the open until the quake stops.Remember that many earthquake deaths outside the house come from falling－apart walls, flying glass and other falling things.

If an earthquake strikes and you are driving, you should pull up to the side of the highway and stop as quickly as possible.You ought not to stop under trees, buildings or energy wires.Don’t stop in the middle of the street as it could trouble others.

When trapped, you shouldn’t move.Your mouth should be covered with a piece of clothing or a handkerchief.This is because it is possible for you to breathe in some dust.Do not shout whenever possible.You should only shout in the end to get help from rescuers.

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍的是地震发生时，置身不同情况下的人们应该如何自救。涉及室内、室外、睡觉、驾驶等不同状况下的自救措施和一些注意事项。

1．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To tell us the dangers of an earthquake.

B．To tell us what to do before an earthquake.

C．To tell us what to do when an earthquake strikes.

D．To tell us why running during an earthquake is dangerous.

答案　C　[写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了身处不同情况下的地震自救措施。由此可见，作者写此文的目的“To tell us what to do when an earthquake strikes.”故选C。]

2．If there is no furniture in the room during an earthquake, you should ________．

A．lie still on the floor

B．stay near the window

C．stay in the center of the room

D．keep still in the corner of the room

答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，当地震来临，身处室内的你应该躲在坚固的桌子或者家具下面，如果没有家具，你应该用手臂护住头，躲在房间的墙角。故选D。]

3．According to the passage, during an earthquake, you’d better not ________．

a．use a lift to escape B.stay outdoors

c．cut off electricity D.keep driving to escape

A．ab B.bc

C．ad D.cd

答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段和第五段可知，地震来时，不应该乘电梯，也不应该驾车逃脱，故选C。]

4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．When to call out for help in an earthquake.

B．What to do when trapped in an earthquake.

C．How to make use of a handkerchief in an earthquake.

D．How to avoid breathing in some dust in an earthquake.

答案　B　[段落大意题。最后一段主要介绍地震发生等待救援过程中，要保持体力，不要急忙呼叫。故选B。]

Ⅴ.完形填空

The most important lesson I learned in high school had nothing to do with maths or American history.It came at graduation，several minutes before I left Miramonte High School.

I was rather shy back then，content to __1__ around with my few friends and to concentrate on my __2__ I was doing so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect scores and enough __3__ to go to college.

But my good record soon became a __4__ to my well－being.In early June of senior year，the headmaster called me into his office.He asked me to give a leave－taking speech at graduation.I looked at him，my heart __5__ fast.This was the __6__ for my hard work？I said something，but not very clearly，and hurried away from the office.

I was __7__ about the decision，finally agreeing to compromise.I wasn’t the only speaker—I would __8__ the honor with five other students.Still，it was doubtful whether the task was __9__ me.How in the world would I give a speech to hundreds of people?

Graduation day soon arrived and，as __10__，I was nervous.I’d been practicing my speech for days，and I had it __11__．But I had never been so __12__ in my life.The first half hour of the ceremony passed，and then my __13__ came.My name was announced.I managed to reach the platform without falling down.But within minutes，I was，__14__，heading back to my seat and feeling unsatisfied with my performance.

Now I still have the __15__ of that speech.My voice trembled a little，but __16__ it was clear and strong.I’m proud of that tape.I achieved something I’d never __17__ —I spoke in front of hundreds of people.__18__ I didn’t realize it at the time，the successful completion of that speech gave me the __19__ to participate in class at college，to give oral reports，and to eventually break free of my __20__．

I never would have chosen to give a speech at graduation.But I am glad I did.I know it may well turn out to be one of my shining moments.

【语篇解读】　本文是教育类小故事阅读。作者在毕业典礼上的演讲是作者在老师和校长的鼓励下进行的，但那是作者刻骨铭心地战胜自己的精彩瞬间。

1．A.hang B.look

C．turn D.run

答案　A　[hang挂，闲逛；look看；turn转弯；run跑。hang around闲逛，到处乱跑，此处因为毕业感到有一种被释放的感觉，所以很满意地到处闲逛。故选A。]

2．A.characters B.interests

C．games D.subjects

答案　D　[characters性格；interests兴趣；games游戏；subjects科目。作者是高中生，根据下文doing well判断应是对功课满意。故选D。]

3．A.money B.credits

C．time D.standards

答案　B　[money金钱；credits学分；time时间；standards水平。根据前文的perfect scores，此处应是足够的学分。故选B。]

4．A.luck B.benefit

C．fear D.solution

答案　C　[luck运气；benefit利益；fear害怕；solution解决办法。作者认为自己的好成绩完成了一种恐惧。故选C。]

5．A.burning B.breaking

C．aching D.beating

答案　D　[burning燃烧；breaking打碎，打坏；aching疼痛；beating打，跳动。根据句子的主语heart，应是跳动。beat指有规律地跳动。故选D。]

6．A.punishment B.reward

C．arrangement D.sympathy

答案　B　[punishment惩罚；reward奖赏，arrangement安排；sympathy同情。校长安排作者发表毕业演讲，应是对作者的努力学习的奖赏。故选B。]

7．A.doubtful B.optimistic

C．generous D.hesitant

答案　D　[doubtful怀疑的；optimistic乐观的；generous慷慨的；hesitant犹豫不决的。根据前文的关键词not very clearly和下文的finally判断是犹豫不决。故选D。]

8．A.share B.bring

C．spare D.give

答案　A　[share分享；bring带来；spare抽出；give给予。根据下文的with five other students判断是分享，share sth with sb和某人分享某事。故选A。]

9．A.about B.for

C．upon D.beyond

答案　D　[about关于；for为了，因为；upon在……之上；beyond超越，在……的那边。根据空后的问句可知，作者怀疑这项任务是否超越自己的能力。故选D。]

10．A.known B.hoped

C．expected D.planned

答案　C　[known知道；hoped希望；expected期望；planned计划。as expected，作状语，意为“如期到来”。故选C。]

11．A.thrown B.printed

C．memorized D.completed

答案　C　[thrown扔；printed印刷；memorized记住；completed完成。根据句意，it是memorize的动作承受者。故选C。]

12．A.interested B.terrified

C．excited D.disappointed

答案　B　[interested感兴趣的；terrified感到害怕的；excited感到兴奋的；disappointed感到失望的。根据前文的nervous和fear，此处应是感到害怕。故选B。]

13．A.moment B.clay

C．chance D.decision

答案　A　[moment时刻；clay泥土，黏土；chance机会；decision决定。根据前文仪式进行到一半了，应是我的那一刻到了。故选A。]

14．A.passing B.handing

C．heading D.returning

答案　C　[pass走过；hand递给；head朝特定方向行进；return归还。此处意为：回到我的座位上。]

15．A.picture B.tape

C．paper D.word

答案　B　[picture图画；tape磁带；paper纸；word话，消息。根据下文的tape判断选B。]

16．A.partially B.immediately

C．frankly D.mostly

答案　D　[partially部分地；immediately立即；frankly坦白地，直率地；mostly大部分地。根据下文的I’m proud of it判断应是大部分都清楚。故选D。]

17．A.dreamed B.made

C．decided D.requested

答案　A　[dreamed梦想；made使，制作；decided决定；requested要求。我获得了我从来不敢想的东西。故选A。]

18．A.Because B.When

C．Although D.Unless

答案　C　[because因为；when当……时候；although虽然；unless除非。根据句意：尽管我没有意识到，但那次的成功表演给了我信心。故选C。]

19．A.respect B.confidence

C．freedom D.excuse

答案　B　[respect尊重；confidence信心；freedom自由；excuse借口。根据下文的to participate in class at college，to give oral reports应该是那次讲演给了作者信心。故选B。]

20．A.shyness B.pride

C．stupidity D.courage

答案　A　[shyness害羞；pride骄傲；stupidity愚蠢；courage勇气。根据空前的break应该是那次演讲让作者摆脱了害羞。故选A。]

2018-2019版英语高一、高二同步系列课堂讲义教版（通用）必修1Unit 4 Part