初中常用英语基础词汇汇总

发布时间:2020-04-29 09:05:14

初中常用英语基础词汇汇总

一、一个星期七天

Sunday  Monday   Tuesday   Wednesday  Thursday   Friday  Saturday  

二、一年十二个月

January   February   March     April      May         June

  July      August   September   October    November    December

三、一年四季

1. spring  2. summer  3. autumn  4. winter

四、容易拼写错的数字

1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二   5. twentieth第二十

四、亲属称呼

1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈)

五、以下动词加-ed-ing要双写最后一个字母

1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔       2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制

3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认       4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现

5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿      6. refer (referred, referring) 提到

7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记              8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许

9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备

注意:quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语)

六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词

1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播     2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑

3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止         4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅

5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰

6. hang (绞死讲,是规则的;作悬挂讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung)

7. lie –lied –lied 说谎;    lie—lay---lain躺下  lay-laid- laid 放置

8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求             9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖

10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌               11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉

12. spread (spread, spread) 传播         13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳

14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎               16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/

17.hold (held, held )                   18.make (made, made)

19. keep (kept, kept)

七、意思相近的词

1. check (核对)/  examine(检查)/  test(测试)    

2. receive(收到) /  accept(接受)

3. destroy (毁坏;毁灭)/ damage(破坏)                

4. celebrate(庆祝)/  congratulate(祝贺)

5. wear sth /  dress sb  穿衣

八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化

1. long—length 长度 2. wide—width 宽度 3. high—height 高度

4. strong—strength力量

九、以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加inged

1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐

十、个别名词的复数拼写

1. German (Germans) 德国人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾 3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶

4. hero (英雄)potato (土豆)tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es

十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化

1. succeed—success成功           2. pronounce—pronunciation 发音

3. explain—explanation解释        4. decide—decision 决定

5. enter—entrance进入            6. permit—permission 允许        

7. consider—consideration 考虑     8. expect—expectation 期待

9. discover—discovery 发现        10. bury—burial 埋葬

11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论  12. arrive—arrival 到达

13. weigh—weight 重量           14. describe—description 描述

15. lose—loss 损失            16. anxious---anxiety  焦虑

十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化

1. beautiful美丽的—beautifully     2. possible可能的—possibly

3. practical实际的—practically     4. particular特别的—particularly

5. successful成功的—successfully  

十三、其它必背单词

1. abroad 国外    2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)     3. accept 接受)

4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的,accidentally adv. 偶然地)

5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)    6. address地址      7. admire钦佩

8. admit承认  admitted)            9. agreement 协议  

10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的)  industry 工业(industrial工业的)

11. altogether总共                  12. ancient 古代的

13. announce宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知)

14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的,anxiously adv. 焦急地)

15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉)  

16. appear 出现(appearance 外貌 n.disappear消失/不见

17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)

18. Asian(亚洲的)       19. assistant 助手

20. astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊,astonishing令吃惊的,astonished吃惊的)

21. astronaut 宇航员     22. atmosphere气氛

23. attempt尝试 (n / v)   attempt to do sth

24. attentively 专心地 25. attention 专心    pay attention to doing sth

26. attitude 态度     27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)

28. average平均 / 平均的  on average  平均

30. balance平衡   keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡  

31. beauty (beautiful, beautifully )  beautify美化

32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念,其复数是beliefs)        33. beyond超过

34. biology生物      35. birthday生日      

36. bravery 勇敢    brave勇敢的   bravely勇敢地

37.broad宽阔的     38. broadcast广播(broadcast ; broadcast;)

39. care 关心     careful 小心的   carefully小心地

40. ceiling天花板       41. cinema电影院

42. celebrate庆祝       43. celebration 庆祝n.

44. century 世纪       45. challenge 挑战      46. character 性格

47. charge收费     be charge of / take charge of 管理

48. comfort v. & n. 安慰  comfortable 舒适的adj.   comfortably adv.舒适地

50. comment 评论      51. communicate vt  communication (n) 交流

52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)

53. composition 作文     54. concert 音乐会

55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论       56. condition情况 (conditions条件)

57. concern 关心  (vt)               58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)

59. constant 不断的   constantly 不断地

60. construction(建设)                61. continue继续

62. contribution 贡献  (contribute v.)  make contributions to 做出贡献

63. convenient (adj.) 方便的  conveniently方便地   64. conversation 谈话  

65. coughing咳嗽    66. cousin表兄弟     67. cruel (adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.)

68. curious 好奇的 (curiosity n. 好奇)       69. culturecultural文化的adj.  

70. customer 顾客   72. custom习俗   73. destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed)    74. declare宣称     75. delicious 美味      76. damage损坏

77. determined 有决心的   be determined to do sth 决心做某事

78. develop发展 (development n.  developing 发展中的,developed发达的)

79. dialogue 对话       80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)

81. difference 不同点 (复数differences)  different不同的  differently 不同地differ from   be different from   make differences

82. disappointed失望的 (disappointing 让人失望的)  83. disappointment 失望

84. discovery 发现 (复数discoveries,动词discover,发现者discoverer)

85. disturb打扰      86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollars)

87. downstairs楼下    upstairs楼上

88. dream梦想 (其过去式是dreameddreamt)

89. electricity (electrical电的,electric 电的)

90. employ 雇用 (employment n.   employer 雇主, employee雇员)

91. empty倒空 (可用动词,其过去式是emptied)

92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.)

   encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事

93. energy能量          94. envelope 信封     95. envy n. 妒忌

96. equal(平等的)   equality平等

97. equipment设备      98. especially 尤其是    99. essential(重要的)

100. European 欧洲人   101. event事件          107. expert 专家

102. excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)  

104. exhibition展览     105. expense 耗费  expensive 昂贵的

106. experience 经验/经历 (experienced 有经验的)  

an unusual experience一次不同寻常的经历  have much experience经验丰富

108. express (vt) 表达 expression  (n)       138. impress 印象 impression (n.)

109. fail  v.失败 failure  n.失败   fail to do sth 没做成某事

110. familiar(熟悉的)   be familiar to /with  

112. favorite 最喜爱的   flexible 灵活的

113. figure人物/数字   114. finger手指   115. flight飞行

116. forehead前额     117. foreign(外国的)

118. fortunate幸运的  fortunately幸运地     unfortunately不幸运地

119. forward向前    120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)

121. frequently 经常地  122. furniture 家具 123.far 远的 further进一步的

124. generally 大概     generally speaking 一般来说

125. geography地理    126. Germany德国

127. government政府   128. gradual 逐渐的  gradually逐渐地

129. graduation毕业 (graduate from毕业于 )      130. grammar语法

131. habit习惯  form a habit of 养成习惯

132. handkerchief 手绢)   133. honest诚实的honesty 诚实

134. honor/honour 荣誉   135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)

136. immediate (立即的)   immediately马上(adv)

139. incident小事件       140. including包括 (include v.)

141independent 独立的   142. industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)

143. information 信息     144. instrument 仪器      145. institute学院        

146. inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的)

147. interest 兴趣   interesting有兴趣的   be interested in感兴趣

148. interrupt 打断        150. introduce介绍 (introduction n.)

151. regular规则的  irregular 不规则的     152. journey旅程  

153. judge判断 (judgment)   judging from 根据来判断

154. kindergarten幼儿园   155. knowledge 知识   156. labor/labour劳动

157. late 迟的  late1y最近     158. laugh   laughter笑声

159. law法律  lawyer律师    legal合法的  illegal非法的

160. library 图书馆  librarian图书馆理员

161. lose掉失,lost lost     loss损失 n.

162. luck 幸运 lucky幸运的  luckily幸运地

163. magazine杂志         164. majority (大多数)

166. manage 设法 (manager经理, management管理)  manage to do 设法做到..

167. market(市场)  supermarket超市

168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚,married已婚的)  get married to 与某人结婚

169. material(s)材料)     171. mayor市长

172. mean (意味、打算)  meaning 意义 meaningful 有意义的

173. measure测量  take measures 采取措施

174. medal 奖章 (比较:model 模型 metal 金属)

175. memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住,remember 记得)

176. message 口信       178. modern现代的

179. modest谦虚的    180. monitor 班长      181. moustache 胡子

182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)  

183. music 音乐 musical音乐的  musician 音乐家

184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)

185. nationality国籍  (nation 国家,national国家的)

186. nature 自然  natural自然的)   187. naughty 淘气的   188.) normal 正常的      

190. necessary 必要  it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事

191. obey (遵守)  break 违反    192. obvious 明显的  obviously 明显地

193. offer主动提供)  offer to do sth主动做某事

194. operate动手术  operation手术  195. opportunity 机会(=chance

196. ordinary 普通的  197. organize/organise(组织)  organization组织

198. particularly 特别是  199. passenger 旅客  200. problem难题 question问题

201. patience耐心patient耐心的;病人  (patiently耐心地)

203. perfect 完美(的) (perfectly)  Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧  

204. perform (表演)  205. perhaps 或许  206. period 时期

207. permit 许可 vt   permission许可 n

208. persuaded(说服)   209. phenomenon 现象  phenomena 现象(复数)

210. physicist 物理学家  211. pilot (飞行员)

212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison) 213. political 政治的 (politics)

214. popular受欢迎的  215. population人口  216. position 职位

217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的) 218. poverty 贫穷n (poor贫穷的 ) 220. practice实践  practical (可实施的,实际的)

221. prepare(准备)  preparation  222. press /  pressure(压力)

223. pretend假装   pretend to do sth 假装做某事

224. professor 教授   225. profit 利润  

226. progress进步 make good progress进步很大

227. pronounce发音  pronunciation (n.发音)

228. provide 提供 (比较: supply/ provide sb with sth  offer sb sth提供某人某物,

229. public 公众    230. purpose目的  on purpose故意地

231. quality质量/素质  232. quantity(数量

233. realize (实现vt)  reality  n.现实  234. receive 收到

235. recently(最近= lately)

236. recycle( 循环再用)   237. recognize 认出

238. regards 问候   give my regards to sb请带我向某人问候

239. remind提醒 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物

240. repeat   vt.重复(repetition  n.重复)       241. respect尊敬

242. restaurant 餐馆

244. satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)

246. Saturday(星期六)   247. scientific 科学的

248. scientific科学的   249. secretary秘书

250. secretly (秘密地)  251. separately单独地  252. separate (单独的adj、分开vt)

253. serious 严重的 (seriously)     254. serve (v) – service (n)服务

255. shortcoming缺点        256. silence 安静 (silent安静的-silently安静地)

257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功 successful (adj) 成功的 successfully (adv)

    Succeed in doing sth 成功做某事(=be successful to do sth

258. similar 类似的 (similarity –ies相似之处)   259. situation形势/情况

260. slightly(稍微)         261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)

262. southern(南方的)  northern北方的   western 西方的    eastern 东方的  

263. special特别的     264. species 物种 (单复数同形)

265. spring春天  266. square 平方

267. steal –stole --stolen()  268. straight(直的)  269. suit合适  suitable合适的

270. support支持/支撑 support the family养家糊口

271. surprise吃惊 to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是  be surprised at ..感到吃惊

272. surround 包围  surrounding周围的  surroundings环境    

273. swimming(游泳n.)      276. temperature温度   284. umbrella(雨伞)

274. technique 技术 (technical adj. 技术的)     275. technology技术

277. theory 理论  in theory  理论上        278. thirst n   thirsty口渴的adj

279. thorough 彻底的   280. total合计     281. traffic 交通traffic jam 塞车

282. translate翻译    translation 翻译  translator翻译家

283. interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译)

286. usual平常的 unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地

287. unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志) be willing to do 愿意做

290. vacation假期(=holiday )    291. various各种各样的 (variety  n. 种类)

292. victim受害者   293. victory胜利   294. vocabulary词汇  295. voyage航行

296. waste (浪费)   It’s a waste to do sth 做某事时一种浪费

297. wealth财富     298. weather天气   whether是否

299. whisper 低语   300. worship崇拜

初中常用英语基础词汇汇总

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