强调句

1、概念

强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。

英语常用的强调结构是"It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)..."。

一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。

在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。种形式。

2、常用句型

1. 陈述句的强调句型

It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分

It was I who / that met him in the park this morning.(强调主语)

今天早上正是我在公园里遇见了他。

It was him that I met in the park this morning.(强调宾语) 今天早上我在公园里遇见的正是他。

It was in the park that I met him this morning.(强调地点状语) 今天早上我正是在公园里遇见了他。

It was this morning that I met him in the park.(强调时间状语) 正是在今天早上我在公园里遇见了他。 It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school today.(强调原因状语)

今天他没去上学是因为他生病了。

注意

(1)如果原句中谓语动词使用、的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时现在完成 / 现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)用It is...that...。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)则用It was...that...。

It was Peter who / that got the first place in the final exam. 正是彼特在期末考试中得了第一名。

It is not everyone who / that can pass the collge entrance exam. 高考并不是每个人都能上线。

2. 一般疑问句的强调句型同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面

Was it Smith who / that broke the window? 是史密斯打碎窗子的吗?

3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型

特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为

“疑问词（Who / What / When / Where / Why / How）+is / was it that…”

例子 When and where was it that you were born?

When was it that he got married?

他是什么时候结婚的?

How long ago is it that you last saw her?

你上一次看见她是多久以前的事?

Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982?

谁赢得了1982年的世界杯?

Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath?

为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸?

4. not … until … 句型的强调句

当被强调的是not...until...句型时，应将not置于until之前，主句由否定句改为肯定句

A. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分

普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

We didn’t recognize her until she took off her glasses. 她把眼镜拿了， 我们才认出她

注意

1、Not until she took off her glasses did we recognize her. (此句为否定词not位于句首， 句子要用部分倒装)

2、此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了

5.谓语动词的强调

A. It is/ was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did

Do sit down. 务必请坐。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

He did tell all that had happened to him. 他确实把发生在他身上的事情都说了。

She does get up early every day.

她每天的确起得很早。

Mary， do come to my birthday party tonight.

玛丽，今天晚上请一定要来参加我的生日晚会。

B. 注意：

此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。

3、强调形式

常见到的强调形式，共有以下七类：

⒈用do\does\did + V可表强调

Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace.

有些人认为核能对世界和平构成威胁。

⒉adv或adj可表强调：用形容词very， only， single， such等来修饰名词来表示强调。 如:

This is the very book that I’m looking for.

这正是我在找的书。

He is the only one of the students who passed the English test. 他是英语测试唯一及格的学生。

Not a single spelling mistake did he make in the composition. 在作文中他没写错一个字。

⒊双重否定可表强调

Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.

采取兼职工作从来都不是没有缺点

⒋what引导的主从可表强调

What really matters is cooperation

真正重要的是合作

⒌倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调)

Never shall I forget the day when Mr. Wang gave us the first lesson.

我永远忘不了王老师给我们上第一节课的那一天。

So aloud did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly.

他说话声音很响亮， 人人都能听得很清楚。

⒍比较状语从句可表强调

Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past

补充：

（1）英语否定 ：

英语中双重否定句是一种非常特殊的句型，能够起到一般否定句和肯定句所不具备的表达功能。双重否定句通常只被理解为是肯定语气，而忽略了另外两个功能，即强调否定和委婉否定

You cannot make egg rolls without breaking eggs?不打破鸡蛋，就无法做出蛋卷来。（即：有失才有得。）

No one has nothing to contribute to society?

人人对社会都有贡献 ?

Nothing is nothing at all?

没有一件事是微不足道的。（凡事都有重要性。）

（2）状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。比较状语从句是其中的一种，主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。

原级：as…as（和……一样），not so（as）…as …（和不一样）；比较级：more…than（更）；最高级：The most…in/of， the + 形容词+est…of/in。常用引导词：as（同级比较），than（不同程度的比较）；特殊引导词：the more … the more … ； no … more than；not A so much as B。

4、语法结构

1．用助动词“do（does/did）+动词原形”来表示强调：

Do write to me when you get there．你到那儿后务必给我来信。

2．用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：

How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？

3．用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有－l y的副词来进行强调：

I really don’t know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。

4．用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：

Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪？

5．用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：

How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！

6．用重复来表示强调：

Why！why！The cage is empty！箱子是空的。

7．用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：

On the table were some flowers．桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）

8．用强调句型：“It is（was）+被强调的部分+that（who）+原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：

It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。

9．用If来表示强调：

1）If从句+I don’t know who/what，etc．does/is/has，etc．

主语部分也可以用nobody does/is/has，etc．或everybody does/is/has，et c．来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：

If he can’t do it，I don’t know who can．要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）

If Jim is a coward，everybody is．要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）

2）if从句+it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）：

If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom．如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。

注意：

that后的强调句如果是原因状语从句，从句只能用because引导，不能用since，as或why。

It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river。

句型

1、It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....

该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear

2、It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...

该句型和上一个同属一个句、型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气

（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。

It is important that we (should) learn English well.

It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.

3、It is said (reported, learned....) that ...

该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是

that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据

报道，据悉．．．）＂。

It is said that he has come to Beijing.

It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.

4、It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ...

该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，

that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）

It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.

It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours

5、It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...

该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+ 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！

It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！

6、It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ...

该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。

It is time that children should go to bed.

= It is time that children went to bed

7、It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...

该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的

that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。

该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。

It is the first time I have been here.

= This is the first time I have been here

8、It is .... since ...

该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬

间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.

11. It is ... when ...

该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂。

It was 5 o’clock when he came here.

9、 It be ... before ...

该句型主句中的it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂。

It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.

It will be not long before he finishes his job.

10、It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that...

11、该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动

词．

It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．．

It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．．

11、It takes sb. ... to do sth.

该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

12、It is no good (use ) doing sth.

该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。

It is no good learning English without speaking English

13、It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ...

该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 ＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。

It doesn’t matter if they are old.

14、It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.

该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）

, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的）等。

这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth.

It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.

15、 It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.

该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：

①important, necessary, natural

②easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant

等。

在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：

It is important for her to come to the party.= It is important that she (should ) come to the party

16、 It looks ( seems ) as if ...

该句型中it无意义。

as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．

It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）

It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）

It seemed as if he were dying.

17、 We think it important to learn a foreign language.

该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。

6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；1指的是形式宾语it；

2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；

3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.

He felt it important learning English well.

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

强调句