as if 的用法

发布时间:2010-09-28 17:08:09

as if 的用法


as if 好像,好似 She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情,好像她早就认识我似的。 (= as though)


as if 的用法

一、as if 从句的作用 1 look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。如: She looks as if she were ten years younger 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。 It seems as if our team is going to win 看来我们队要胜了。 2 引导方式状语从句。如: She loves the boy as if she were his mother 她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。 The child talked to us as if he were a grown up 那孩子跟我们谈起话来,像个成年人似的。 二、as if 还可用于省略句中 如果as if 引导的从句是主语+系动词结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。如: He acts as if he was a fool 他做事像个傻子。 Tom raised his hands as if he was going to say something 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。 She left the room hurriedly as if she wasangry 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。 三、as if 从句的语气及时态 1 as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如: It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。 2 as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下: 1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。如: You look as if you didn’ t care 你看上去好像并不在乎。 He talks as if he knew where she was 他说话的样子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。 2)从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词。如: He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone 那女孩倾听着,一动也不动,像已经变成了石头似的。 3)从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight+动词原形。如: He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 It looks as if it might snow 看来好像要下雪了。

whetherif的用法分析

一、相同之处。
1.whetherif都能引导宾语从句,常置于see,ask,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out等动词之后。
如:He asked me whether/is I could help him. I want to know whether/if he lives there.
2.whetherif都可用it作形式主语从句中。如: it's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.
3.be uncertain/doubtful之后,常用whether引导宾语从句,有时也可以用if,如: We are uncertain whether/if Mary will come.
二、不同之处。
1.whether可置于句首引导主语从句,而if不能。如: ___the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet. A.whether B.If C.Whether D.That 答案是C
2.whether可用在介词之后,引导宾语从句,而If则不能。如: Success depends on whether we make evough effort.
3.whether可引导表语从句,if则不能。如: The puestion is whether it is not worth doing.
4.在名词之后引导同位语从句时,用whether而不用if。如: The question whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
5.whether后可接不定式,而if不能。如: Please tell us whether to go or stay here.
6.在有些动词(如discuss)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。如: We discussed whether we should close the shop.
7.在引导否定概念in宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether.如:he asked me if I hadn't finished my work.
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whetherif都可以引导宾语从句,表示是否,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如:
I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.

Ask him whether / if he can come.

但在有些情况下,whetherif的用法有一定区别。

1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词oror not直接连用,而if一般不能。如:

正: Let me know whether you can come or not.
误: Let me know if you can come or not.

2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如:

正: Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
误: If it is true or not, I can’t tell.

3. whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如:

正: I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
误: I don’t know if to accept or refuse.

4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如:

正: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
误: I worry about if I hurt her feelings.

5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如:

正: It was uncertain whether he would come.
误: It was uncertain if he would come.

正: His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.
误: His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.

正: We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.
误: We must consider the question if we will take these measures.

in case 后面跟从句,从句用一般现在时,或用should型虚拟语气,按英语老师讲两者通用

in case万一。是连词,引导条件状语从句。也就是说in case后面是一个完整的句子 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害,你就把帽子戴上。 in case ofof是介词,介词后面只能带名词性质的词,比如名词、代词等。意思和in case差不多,万一的意思 In case of rain they can't go. 万一下雨,他们就不能去了。 in the case of,就...来说, 关于。意思跟上面两个不一样了。一般表示转而提及另一件事情。比如 In the case of womanthey have more difficulty in their job。就女性来说,她们在工作中会遇到更多的困难

1. We have an auxiliary generator in case of power cuts.
我们有一台万一断电时使用的备用发电机。
2. In case you need something, please don't hesitate to let me know.
如果你需要什么东西,请不客气地对我说。
3. It may rain you'd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does).
可能下雨--你最好带把伞, 以防万一(下起来).
4. In case that he leaves, please inform me.
如果他离开, 请通知我。
5. In case of rain, they can't go.
万一下雨,他们就不能去了。
6. In case (=If) I forget, please remind me.
万一我忘记,请提醒我。
7. Write the telephone number down in case you forget.
把电话号码写下来以免忘了。
8. The doctor asked us to call him during the night except in case of necessity.
医生吩咐我们,除非必须,否则不要在夜里叫他。

magazine journal 有什么区别

magazine .n
A periodical containing a collection of articles, stories, pictures, or other features.
杂志:一种载有专论、小说、图片或其他内容的期刊。

journal .n
1.A personal record of occurrences, experiences, and reflections kept on a regular basis; a diary.
日志,日记:对于事件、经历及感想的有规律进行的私人记录;日志
2.An official record of daily proceedings, as of a legislative body.
议事录:关于(如立法机构的)日常议程的正式记录
3.Nautical A ship's log.
【航海】 航海日志:船舶上的航海日志
4.Accounting
【会计学】
5.A daybook.
日记帐,流水帐
6.A book of original entry in a double-entry system, listing all transactions and indicating the accounts to which they belong.
分录簿:复式簿记系统中登载原始账目的账本,记录下所有的交易,并表示出它们所归的专项分类帐
7.A newspaper.
报纸
8.A periodical presenting articles on a particular subject:
期刊:刊登关于某特殊主题的文章的期刊.

journal ['dʒə:nl]
n.
杂志, 刊物, 日报; 航海日记

【会计】分类帐, 日记帐

日记, 日志, 笔记

[the Journals](立法机关、委员会等的)议事录

【机】轴颈, 辊颈, 枢轴, 支耳

a medical journal
医学杂志
a monthly journal
月刊

magazine [͵mæ^ə'zi:n]
n.
杂志; 期刊

(武器、弹药、炸药等的)仓库, 军火库

(连发枪上的)弹仓, 弹盒, 弹盘

(照象机的)底片夹[]; (软片, 胶卷)暗盒

资源地, 宝库

火炉中燃料室

(材料自动送进)料斗, 储料匣[, , ], (吹芯机)储砂筒, 卡片存储装置, 自动储存送料装置

edit a magazine
编辑杂志
weekly [ monthly, bi-monthly] magazine
周刊[月刊, 双月刊]

Journal 是指较专业性的杂志如学报。
Magazine 泛指一般杂志。

will be going to do be to dobe about to do be doing有什么区别?在写句子时都可以用吗?

1. will+动词原形,。
就是表示一般将来时。。这个比较常用


2.be going to do
将会...
一般用于将来时态

例句与用法:
1. I am assuming that the present situation is going to continue.
我认为目前的情况将会继续下去.

2. It's going to cost 200 or as near as dammit.
这要花200英镑上下.

3. How did you find out that Burns was going to be promoted?
你是怎么知道伯恩斯将会得到提升的?

4. You must be out of your mind if you think I'm going to lend you 50!
你以为我会借给你50英镑, 你准是疯了!

5. I'm just going to check in these books at the library.
我要去图书馆还这些书。

6. They are going to move to a new house next week.
下星期他们将迁入新居。

7. It looks as if it is going to rain.
看来要下雨了。

8. Are you going to America by boat or by plane?
你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机?



3.be to do

表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事.
一般用于被动语态,,,to be done
也可以用于主动语态。。。都是表示将来时态

比如:
Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.
为避免食物短缺,我们需要更加努力来提高农业生产。

The bridge is to be built next year.
大桥将在明年修建。

以下是主动语态的例句:
He is to die.
他就要死了。

To live is to work.
活着就要工作。


比较:
I am to be an engineer.
我就快要成为工程师了。。(这个时间上快一点,而且比较有把握,比如已经考到证了。。)

如果是:
I am going to be an engineer.
意思就变成了:
我将成为工程师。。。(这个只是主观愿望。没有多少把握)


4.be about to do
表示即将,马上要做的事,。,

这个比其他的几个都要紧迫。。
比如:
I am about to leave.
我马上就要离开了。(刻不容缓,就是这一两分钟的事)
比较:
I am going to leave.
我将要离开。(还指不定是什么时候)


5.be doing

主要用于现在进行时态,,有时可以用来表达将来时

例句与用法:

How are you doing with your new boss?
你跟你的新上司处得如何?

We are doing a pilot study to see if the new product will sell well.
我们正在为这种新产品做试销调查,看它的销路好不好。

According to these figures, our company is doing well.
从这些数字来看,我们的公司经营得不错。

2. 英语语法问题!!知道者快来!!到底是be no use (to) do sth还是be no use dong sth

be no use doing sth是肯定的,绝对没错。

例如 It is no use watching too much TV.
看太多电视是没用的
这是固定搭配
所谓的接to do sth,是用在be used to do sth被用来做某事


It is no use trying to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.(P53) 其中用了 It’s no use doing sth. (做某事没用 / 只是白费力气)句型。在这个句型中, 动词-ing形式trying to persuade him to have a holiday是主语,it 是形式主语。这种动词-ing作主语,it 作形式主语的句型还有:

1. It is no good doing sth. 做某事不好 / 没用 / 不行

2. It’s a waste of time / money doing sth. 做某事是白费时间 / 金钱

3. It’s fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣

1. It is no use __ me not to worry.
a. you tell b. your telling
c. for you to have told d. having told
为什么要选B 怎么分析

2. He is very busy ___ his papers. He is far too busy ___ callers.
a. writing; to receive b. wrtiting; receiving
为什么选A far too busy 是太忙的意思,后面不跟doing 吗?

it is no use + that从句 或者+doing(动名词形式) b 选项就是一个动名词形式
be busy doing sth 后面的空你理解错误了,应该理解为太忙而不能见访问者,所以应该考虑的是too...to do ...结构(太。。。而不能。。。) 而不是考虑far too busy doing 结构

He could have come to help us , but_____.

悬赏分:0 - 解决时间:2008-3-16 09:28

He could have come to help us , but_____.
a.he didn't b. he hasn't c. he hadn't d. he can't
为什么选a不选b

问题补充:如果后面写反义疑问句是不是用didn't he?

提问者: chenjingjean - 试用期 一级

最佳答案

这是一个虚拟语气中的常考句型,要记住。could have done的意思是本可以做某事(而实际上没做)。句型:Sb could have done sth, but + 一般过去时.的意思为:某人本可以做某事的,但(实际情况是)……。由于后句讲述的是真实情况,故用一般过去时。
关于你的补充问题:
He could have come to help us后的反意疑问句的tag理论上是didn't he,只是此句中He could have come to help us应该是一个确定的判断,一般不会用反意疑问句形式。
如果是猜测,则一定是didn't he. 请看下列例句:
He could not have come to help you, did he?
He must have come to help you, didn't he?
He might have come to help you, didn't he?
祝周末愉快!

情态动词的用法,can,may,must,need,could,dared

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语

一、 can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示经过努力才得以做成功某事时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,

might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.

How can this be true?



二、 may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t

mustn’t,表示不可以,禁止

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

---- No, you mustn’t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

May you succeed!

3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

1He may /might be very busy now.

2Your mother may /might not know the truth.



三、 must, have to

1) 表示必须、必要。

You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

2) must是说话人的主观看法, have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

1 he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2 I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

1 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2 Your mother must be waiting for you now.



四、 dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared

1 How dare you say I’m unfair?

2 He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3 If we dared not go there that day we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

1You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today.



五、 shall, should

1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

3. He shall be punished.(威胁)



六、 will, would

1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有现已无此习惯的含义。

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 表示估计和猜想。

It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.



七、 should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示应该ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 表示推测

should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)

1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)



八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done

1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示本来可以做而实际上能做某事,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

3. Can he have got the book?(推测)

2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done

表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

1. He may not have finished the work .

2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3must +不定式完成式(have done

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为一定、想必。其疑问、否定形式用cancan’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

2. He must have been to Shanghai.

4should +不定式完成式(have done

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。

He should have finished the work by now

表示本应该做而实际上没有做某事,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done

表示本来不必做而实际上做了某事

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

6) will +不定式完成式(have done

主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

He will have arrived by now.

It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools that makes him a scientist.

It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools that makes him a scientist.
这句话什么意思,that引导的是什么从句.

It is...that...的强调句
Not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools makes him a scientist.
Not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools 为主语
科学家之所以成为一个科学家,不是由于他所使用的工具而是由于他是如何使用这些工具

used to be used to的区别

一、在英国英语中传统上把used to看作是情态动词,因此,它的疑问式应当是:Used +主语+to sth.?否定式应当是used not tousedn't to。但是,在美国英语中,人们把used to看作是实义动词,因此,它的疑问式是:Did +主语+use to do sth.?否定式是:主语+didn't use...由于受到美国英语的影响,甚至在英国英语中,人们也很少使用“Used...+主语+to...这种疑问式,而使用“Did +主语+use...这一疑问式。例如:

Did they use to play football?他们过去踢足球吗?

Did you use to smoke?你过去吸烟吗?

Did you use to take long walks in the countryside?你过去在农村经常进行长距离的散步吗?

二、在带有used to的陈述句后面,附加疑问句中一般要使用功能词did。但是,在附加疑问句中也可以用used。例如:

He used to smokedidn't he

They usedn't to like operadid they

They didn't use to like operadid they

They used not to like operadid they

You used to live in Wuhanusedn't you

You used to like wineusedn't you

三、used to的否定形式的一般问句常有以下两种。例如:

Didn't you use to live near me

Usen't you to live near me?你过去不住在我附近吗?

四、used to指的是过去的习惯性动作,目的在于与现在形成对照,如:I used to work hard.是说我过去常常努力工作。暗含的意义是:我现在不努力工作了。在表示过去的习惯性这一点上,与would的意义相同(只不过used to既可用于表示过去的习惯动作,又可用于表示过去的状态。would只能用于表示过去习惯性的动作)。从形态上看used to是个情态动词,其中的to是不定式符号,后面跟动词原形。例如:

When I was a childI would get up early

People used to(不用wouldbelieve the earth was flat.过去人们认为地球是平的。

I used to like swimming

When I was a childI used to(不用wouldlike swimming

我哥哥过去是解放军,现在是教师。

误:My elder brother would be a PLA manHe is now a teacher

正:My elder brother used to be a PLA man He is now a teacher

五、begetbecomeused to结构在意义上相当于accustomed to“习惯于,从形态上看,used是个分词型形容词,to是介词,因此后面只能跟名词、代词或动名词。例如:

They got used to living in the countryside.他们已习惯于住在农村。

I've got used to being a vegetarian.我已经习惯吃素食。

He is used to hard work.他习惯于艰苦工作。

六、be used to表示习惯于某事的状态,而get used to则表示由不习惯习惯于这一动态的过程,意思是:(变得)习惯于开始习惯于。试比较:

He was used to the cold weather after he lived there for two years.在那里住两年后,他已习惯了寒冷的天气。

I think it is a bit difficult for you to get used to the humid weather here.我想,让你习惯于这里潮湿而炎热的天气有点困难。

You'll soon get used to living in the country.很快你就会习惯于住在乡下了。

七、有时be used to是动词use的被动语态,在这种结构里,to是不定式符号。例如:

A metal bar was used to force the door open.用金属棒把门撬开。

The threshing ground was used to hold a mass meeting.打谷场曾用于举行群众大会。

八、be used tobe accustomed to的区别:前者一般用于指自然而然地成为习惯,后者常常用于指通过努力而成为习惯。试比较:
I am used to teaching English.我对教英语已习惯了。
Mrs Smith was not accustomed to leaving home during the winter史密斯夫人不习惯冬天出门。
I am accustomed to taking coffee.我习惯了喝咖啡。

回答者:nc3722 - 试用期 一级 11-23 11:10

提问者对于答案的评价:

you are the best !thank you!

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其他回答     3

used to 过去常常做什么后接动词原形
be used to 习惯做什么后接名词和动名词(ing)

回答者:yalinge - 助理 二级 11-23 11:05

才实际的口语中他们大量用到:

used to 表示的是 过去的一种状态,比如hey man, I used to do this job,is it funny huh?接原型。

Be/get used to 翻译成习惯于,接ing形式,比如,I am used to not having dinner when my wife fights with me

我们常常容易记不住他们的区别,告诉你你一个方法就是:used to 翻译成过去常常的四个中文比 be used to 的习惯于 长,换句话说就是长的中文和短的英文在一起,一长一短搭配,当年我就是这样记得

回答者:carbulb - 试用期 一级 11-23 11:08

used to do 过去常常做某事,现在不做了。
"Used to do" means a particular behaviour/status occuring in the past,especially if it no longer happens or is no longer true. for example:
She used to love cats but one attacked her and she doesn't like them anymore.

be used to sth./doing sth. 熟悉、习惯某事、某人
"be used to sth./sb. or doing sth." means " be familiar with sth./sb." for example:
She was not used to speaking Cantonese.
Eventually you'll get/become used to the smells of the laboratory.

希望有所帮助

参考资料:http://dictionary.cambridge.org/results.asp?searchword=used&x=0&y=0

反意疑问句

1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
  I'm as tall as your sisteraren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
  I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
  The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
  Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
  He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
  We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
  He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
  You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
  He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
  You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
  He must be a doctor, isn't he?
  You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
  He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。
  What colours, aren't they?
  What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it
  Everything is ready, isn't it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
 a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
  Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
 b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
  He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
  He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
 c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
  I don't think he is bright, is he?
  We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he
  Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
  Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dareneed的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
  We need not do it again, need we ?
  He dare not say so, dare you?
  dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
  She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you
  Don't do that again, will you?
  Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
  Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?
  Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
  Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
  There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
  There will not be any trouble, will there?

19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
  It is impossible, isn't it?
  He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
  He must be there now, isn't he?
  It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

       快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语      疑问部分          
     I          aren't I        
    Wish         may +主语          
no,nothing,nobody,never,  
few, seldom, hardly,     肯定含义
rarely, little等否定
含义的词                       
ought to(肯定的)    shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语  
have to+v.(had to+v.)  don't +主语(didn't +主语)  
used to        didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语  
had better + v.     hadn't you         
would rather + v.    wouldn't +主语       
you'd like to + v.    wouldn't +主语       
must           根据实际情况而定      
感叹句中         be +主语          
Neithernor,
eitheror 连接的根   据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语                       
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that,      主语用it
nothing,this                      
并列复合句       谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定  
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句       根据主句的谓语而定      
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导  与宾语从句相对应的从句    
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one  复数they, 单数he      
情态动词dareneed    need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词     do +主语        
省去主语的祈使句     will you
Let's 开头的祈使句    Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句   Will you?          
there be   相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)  
否定前缀不能视为否定词    仍用否定形式      
must"推测"   根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句 

一、反意疑问句的一般情况
1.当陈述部分的主语是:等everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, somebody合成代词时,附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往they用。(也可以按语法一致原则用单数。)

2.当陈述部分以one不定代词做主语时,附加问句的主语在正式常场用one,非正式场合用he

3.当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、thisthat,附加疑问句的主语用it。(是those, these则用they

4.当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing等,附加问句的主语用 it

5.陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词,例如:never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, none, no one, rarely, nowhere, nothing, nobody, few, little等,附加疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。

6.如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀,那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理,附加疑问句应用否定形式。

二、常见句型的反意疑问句
7.当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时,附加疑问句的主语也用there

8.感叹句的附加疑问句,其谓语要求用否定句。

9.祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题
A) 祈使句是否定形式,附加疑问句只能用will you
B) 祈使句是肯定形式,附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。
C) Let开头的祈使句要注意:
1.Let’s 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内,表示提出建议或征求对方意见,其反意疑问句往往用shall we
2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内,表示请求对方允许做某事的含义,let allow的意思。附加疑问部分用will you
3. Let me 开头表示请求,附加疑问句用will you,或用may I

三、复合句的反意疑问句
10.当陈述部分是一个(带that引导宾语从句的)主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是,当陈述部分的主语是:I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语,谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。

11.当陈述部分是I’m sure that,we are sureI’m afraid thatWe are sure thatI feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。

12.当陈述部分是并列句时,附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。

四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句
13.陈述部分中有have一词,且表示所有含义时,附加疑问句部分既可用have也可用do

14.陈述部分中有have to,附加疑问句部分用do

15.含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

16.陈述部分有used to,附加疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did

17.陈述部分有needn’t时,附加疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must

18.陈述部分有must,且表示必须时,附加疑问句部分用mustn’t,如果表示必要则用needn’t

19.陈述部分中是mustn’t表示禁止时,附加疑问句部分用must
陈述部分中的must表示一定想必等推测意义时,附加疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。

20.陈述部分是I wish,表示询问或征求意见,附加疑问部分用may I

21.弄清陈述句中的’d rather = would rather’d better = had better附加疑问句部分前者用would,后者用had

其它特殊结构的反意疑问句
22.陈述部分的主语是each of...结构时,附加疑问句在强调整体时用they,当作个别时用he

23.陈述部分有neither...nor...(either...or...)做并列主语,附加疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
       Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

24.陈述部分是:I’m ....结构,附加疑问句一般用aren’t I?

25.    陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
     You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

26.    陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

27.    陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

28.    带情态动词dareneed的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
 We need not do it again, need we ?
 He dare not say so, dare you?
 当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she

反意疑问句对应规则二十四条

2008-04-03 08:21

反意疑问句的特殊情况

2008-02-24 12:48

反意疑问句的20种特殊形式]

2008-01-17 20:16

Must在反意疑问句中的用法

在反意疑问句中,附加谓语部分和陈述句部分的主要谓语动词在意义上要相互呼应,即附加谓语部分和陈述句中谓语动词的时态要保持一致。使用情况各有不同,一般来说,有下列四种情况:

一.陈述句中的must表示必须时,附加谓语的谓语动词用mustn’t。如:

You must work hard to improve your English, mustn’t you?

你必须努力学习来提高你的英语水平,不是吗?

二.陈述句中的must表示禁止时,附加谓语的动词用must,也可用may。如:

We mustn’t be late, must / may we?

我们不可以迟到的,是吗? (不说: need we)

三.陈述句中的must表示必要时,附加谓语的动词用needn’t。如:

We must start working right now, needn’t we?

我们得立即开始干活儿了,是吗? (不说: mustn’t we)

四.陈述句中的must表示一种推测时,含义为一定、准是时,附加谓语不用mustneed,而是在意义上和陈述句中谓语动词的时态保持一致。通常有四种情况:

1 陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语,附加谓语中的动词就用一般过去时。

She must have heard the good news just now, didn’t she?

想必她刚才听到了那个好消息,是吗? (一般过去时)

2.句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时附加谓语中的动词就用

现在完成时。

You must have studied English for many years, haven’t you?

你一定学了多年的英语,不是吗? (现在完成时)

3.陈述部分的动词表示经常性的动作或状态,附加谓语部分的动词就用

一般现在时。

He must be from the south, isn’t he?

他一定是南方人,对吗? (一般现在时)

4.陈述句部分的谓语动词为现在进行时,也需要时态上的呼应。

I think they must be watching this exciting football match now, aren’t they?

想必他们正在观看这场精彩的足球赛。 (现在进行时)

———重庆市綦江中学 罗开成 邮编:401420

电话: 02348651022 48656735

Must在反意疑问句中的用法

在反意疑问句中,附加谓语部分和陈述句部分的主要谓语动词在意义上要相互呼应,即附加谓语部分和陈述句中谓语动词的时态要保持一致。使用情况各有不同,一般来说,有下列四种情况:

五.陈述句中的must表示必须时,附加谓语的谓语动词用mustn’t 。如:

You must work hard to improve your English, mustn’t you?

你必须努力学习来提高你的英语水平,不是吗?

六.陈述句中的must表示禁止时,附加谓语的动词用must,也可用may。如:

We mustn’t be late, must / may we?

我们不可以迟到的,是吗? (不说: need we)

七.陈述句中的must表示必要时,附加谓语的动词用needn’t。如:

We must start working right now, needn’t we?

我们得立即开始干活儿了,是吗? (不说: mustn’t we)

八.陈述句中的must表示一种推测时,含义为一定、准是时,附加谓语不用mustneed,而是在意义上和陈述句中谓语动词的时态保持一致。通常有四种情况:

2 陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语,附加谓语中的动词就用一般过去时。

She must have heard the good news just now, didn’t she?

想必她刚才听到了那个好消息,是吗? (一般过去时)

2.句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时附加谓语中的动词就用

现在完成时。

You must have studied English for many years, haven’t you?

你一定学了多年的英语,不是吗? (现在完成时)

3.陈述部分的动词表示经常性的动作或状态,附加谓语部分的动词就用

一般现在时。

He must be from the south, isn’t he?

他一定是南方人,对吗? (一般现在时)

4.陈述句部分的谓语动词为现在进行时,也需要时态上的呼应。

I think they must be watching this exciting football match now, aren’t they?

想必他们正在观看这场精彩的足球赛。 (现在进行时)

20070319 星期一 08:13

辨析]discoverfindinvent

1discover表示偶然经过努力发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。例如:


Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布1492年发现了美洲。


We soon discovered the truth.我们很快就弄清了真相。


2find意为发现,找到,指对某种事物的寻求,也指对丢失的事物的找到。例如:


We've found oil under the South Sea.我们已在南海发现了石油。


They finally found a way.他们终于找到了办法。


3invent意为发明,指经过认识和实践创造出前所未有的事物。例如:


Who invented the telephone?是谁发明电话的?


He invented a new teaching method.他发明了一种新的教学方法。

as if 的用法

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