英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及there be 句型

一、S + V（主语＋不及物动词）

这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：

—Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？ —No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。

有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：　

Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？

Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

1. 他在听。 He _____ _____. 2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？ Did you _____ _____ last night?

3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。The rain _____ _____ two hours.

Ⅱ. 单项选择

( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______.

A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait

( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home. A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained

( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? —Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match.

A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play

( )9. —What did your father say just now? —Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.

A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked

( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind.

A. go; was following B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow

二、S + V + P（主语＋系动词＋表语）

系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。

The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。

翻译下面的汉语句子。

1. 他感到有点累。_____________________2. 这听起来是个好主意。__________________________

3. 海伦在家吗？_______________________

三、S + V + O（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）

及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：

He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。

Ⅰ. 找出下列句子的宾语。

1. He handed in his homework this morning. 2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim.

3. He forgot which way to go. 4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?

5. I’ll do what I can.

Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。He has decided _________ _________ _________ Beijing.

10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。I don’t remember _________ the accident _________.

四、S + V + IO + DO（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）

有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语

Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。

1. She gave me her telephone number. 2. Bring me some water, please.

3. I’ll make you some fresh tea. 4. He sang us a folk song.

5. She showed me her paintings.

Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。

6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.

7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.

8. She cooked us a delicious meal. She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.

9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.

10. She made me a cup of coffee. She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.

【温馨提示】

◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：

Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？

→Can you lend your car to us?

◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，如buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。→My uncle bought a watch for me.

五、S + V + O + OC（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）

有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：

Please don’t call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。 I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。

The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。

Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。

1. They call their daughter Mary. 2. Don’t leave me behind.

3. I wish you to be happy. 4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. 5. Good food keeps you healthy.

Ⅱ. 翻译下面的汉语句子。

6. 他们请我和他们一道去。______________________________

7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。______________________________

8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？______________________________

六、there be句型

there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如：

There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。

此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.

be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were… 将来有 there will be…；there is /are going to be...

现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be...肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 过去曾经有 there used to be …似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …

碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …

巩固练习：

Ⅰ. 单项选择

( ) 1. There ______ ice on the road last week. A. was B. were C. will be D. are

( ) 2. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.

A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be

( ) 3. There _____ to be something wrong with him. A. is B. was C. seems D. are

( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _______?

A. won’t it B. won’t there C. isn’t it D. aren’t there

( ) 5. There ____ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month.

A. was B. were C. have been D. are

Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

6. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。

_____ _____ a boy _____ with a dog in the yard.

7. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。

______ _____ _____ _____ a shop on the corner of the street.

11.恰好那时房里没人。

____ ____ ____ _____ nobody in the house then.

21.----Have you read this book ?

-----Yes. But that one is _____ worth reading .I suggest you read it .

A. well B. best C. more D. better

22. Put everything _______ to you in your bag .

A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D. to belong

23. I was given three books on cooking , the first_____ I really enjoyed .

A. of that B. of which C. that D. which

24. Only after my friend came _____ .

A . did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer

C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired

25. He was ______ by his colleagues though he himself did not think he had done anything special.

A. thought little of B. thought poorly C. highly thought of D. thought highly

26. The old temple______ roof was damaged in a storm is under repair.

A. where B. which C. its D. whose

27. Take it easy. You will soon ______ health when you get home.

A. pick out B. pick up C. get up D. put up

28. _____ meeting held last night was ______ great success.

A. A ; a B. A ; / C. The; a D. The; /

29. The computer ______ tonight . You had better come to get it tomorrow.

A. will mend B. will be mended C. mended D. was mending

30. He has got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where B. which C. while D. why

31. They went through the forest yesterday_____ the lost child.

A. search for B. in search of C. in search for D. searched for

32. There is no doubt ______ our monitor is responsible for this action.

A. if B. how C. that D. why

33. The young couple consider______ a computer , which is considered_______ a great help in their work.

A. to buy; to be B. buying; to be C. to buy; being D. buying; being

34. John , a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $ 3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned

35. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_________ your lecture.

A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended

C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended

1. 老板对员工很刻薄。

The boss his employees.

2. The thief (被关进监狱) for stealing a few expensive cars.

3. It is _____ that _____ your best friend. 我才是你最好的朋友。

4. Mom ______ _____ ______ about where to have her holiday.

关于去哪里度假，妈妈改变了主意。

5. 曾有一段时期，中国使用外国的石油

________ ______ _______ ______ _____ Chinese used foreign oil.

英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及there be 句型