仪器分析方法：

差热分析：Differential thermal analysis，简称DTA

差示扫描量热法：Differential scanning calorimetry，简称DSC

热重法：Thermogravimetry，简称TG

Characterization, property, crystalline, inorganic, nanoscale, emphasis, solids, periodic, crystal, bonding, structure, diffraction, classical, quantum models, electronic, applications, semiconductors, chemical, structure-property relationships, synthesis methods, optical, electronic, junction, nanomaterials, real space lattices, reciprocal lattice and diffraction, diffraction/phase diagrams, band theory(能带理论), photonic, amorphous, synthetic biomaterials, infrared, conducting, polymers, solar cells, plasmonics, dielectrics, classifications, natural, artificial, ceramics, alloy, ferroelectrics, superconductors, magnetic, optical, microelectronic, surface engineering, superalloys, structural, composites, composition, biological, measure, characterize, remake, experimentalist, theoretician, materials by design, characterization techniques, crystallography, X-ray/electron scattering, microscopy, spectroscopy, scanning probes, electrical, magnetic, materials modeling, advanced, experimental, optimization, integration, certification, manufacturing, initiative, acceleration, liquid, resistance, planes, chains, diode(二极管), transistors(晶体管), zeolites(沸石), catalysis, separation, purification, hexagon(六边形), pentagon(五边形), spherical, fullerene(富勒烯), allotrope(同素异形体), graphene, dimethyl(二甲基), size-dependent property, solution, discrete(分裂的，不连续的), bandgap(能带隙), periodicity, quartz, formation, kinetics, favorable kinetics, periodic, array, atom, ion, molecules, lattice, symmetry(对称性), Bravais lattices, orientation, vector(矢量), constant(常数), zincblende, miller indices, crystallography, planes, directions, row, d-spacing, individual, set of, equivalent, axis, intercept(截距), specify, lattice directions, quasicrystals(准晶体), diagonal(对角线), interpenetrate(互相渗透), hexagonal close packed(hcp, 密方六排结构), crystallography晶体学, integer 整数, inverse intercept 截距的倒数, axes 轴的复数, reciprocal倒数, equivalent, symmetry 对称性, perpendicular 垂直的, parallelepiped 平行六面体, translational invariance平移不变性, point symmetry 点对称, aperiodic 非周期性的(quasi-periodic), binary 二元的, ternary 三元的, intermetallic 金属间的, geology地质学, spectroscopy光谱学, pyrite黄铁矿, galena 方铅矿, coordination number(CN, 配位数), surface plasmon resonance(SPR, 表面等离子共振), quantum dots 量子点, coprecipitation 共沉淀, high-temperature decomposition 高温分解法, micro-emulsion 微乳液法, gel-sol 溶胶凝胶法, sonochemistry 超声化学法, laser pyrolysis 激光分解法, biotinylated 生物素化, real-time 实时, longitudinal relaxation 纵向弛豫, transverse relaxation 横向弛豫, superparamagnetic 超顺磁性, boundary effects 边界效应, intergration by parts 分步积分, curie temperature 居里温度, ferromagnetic 铁磁性, aperiodic 非周期性的, stereograms 立体图, pyrite 黄铁矿, galena 方铅矿, cosine 余弦, sine 正弦, tangent 正切, stoichiometry 化学计量学, thermochemistry 热化学, enthalpy 焓, electron spin 电子旋转, Pauli exclusion principle保利不相容原理, electron affinity 电子亲和性, electronegativity 电负性, energetics动力学, covalent bonding 共价键, molecular geometry 分子几何学, bonding theories 键合理论, chemical kinetics 化学动力学, classical thermodynamics 经典热力学, entropy 熵, Gibbs free energy 吉布斯自由能, crystal field theory, 晶体场理论, mineralogy 矿物学, metallurgy 冶金学, array 排列, hollow 空隙, stack 堆垛, repulsion 排斥力, coordination number 配位数, packing efficiency 致密度, density 晶体密度, tetrahedrons 四面体, pentagons 五角形, constituent 构成的/成分, spatial dimensions 三维空间, arbitrary 随意的, planar 平面的, enantiomorphic 对映体, parallelepiped 平行六面体, coplanar 共面的, perpendicular 垂直的, adjacent 邻近的, interplanar spacing 平面间距, parallel 平行的, fractional 分数的, ionization energy 电离能, cation 阳离子, anion 阴离子, electrostatic 静电的, covalency 共价, intermolecular force 分子力, dipole-dipole force 偶极作用, rock salt 岩盐, alkali 碱 halide 卤化物, hydride 氢键, octahedra 八面体, polyhedral 多面体的, arsenide 砷化物, fluorite 萤石, calcium 钙, hole 空隙, antifluorite 反萤石, wurtzite 纤维锌矿, van der Waals attraction 范德瓦尔斯力, rutile(TiO2) 金红石, spinel 尖晶石, perovskite 钙钛矿, Ilmenite 钛铁矿, radii(radius的名词复数), Lanthanide contraction 镧系收缩, proportional 比例的, interlocking 联锁的, valence 原子价, brittle 易碎的, silica 硅石,二氧化硅, large coefficient of expansion 扩散系数, Band model 能带模型, silicates 硅酸盐, polymorphic 多晶形的, quartz 石英, ionization energy 离子能, electron affinity 电子亲和势, lattice energy 晶格能, magnitudes 数级, permittivity 介电常数, permittivity of vacuum 真空介电常数, equation 方程式, polarizable 可极化的, molten state 熔融状态, solubility 溶解度, solvent 溶剂, polar solvent 极性溶剂,

句子：

1. Materials Chemistry is the foundation for the field of Nanoscience and technology.

材料化学是纳米科学技术领域的基石。

2. Bandgap is size dependent. 能带隙是跟尺寸相关的。

3. Amorphous materials: No long-range structural order

Crystalline materials: Possess long-range periodicity

4. Ideal Crystal: A perfect periodic array of atoms/ions/molecules.

- Represented by an infinite lattice of points

with one or more atoms attached each lattice point.

= Basis

Lattice: An infinite array of points in space

Crystal structure: The periodic arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules in a crystal.

It can be described by associating with each lattice point a group of atoms called the BASIS (or MOTIF)

Unit Cell: A volume of the crystal that, via pure translational repetition, generates the entire crystal without overlaps or voids.

5. Bravais Lattice: An infinite array of points with an arrangement and orientation that looks exactly the same from any lattice point.

2D BRAVAIS LATTICES

3D BRAVAIS LATTICES

6. PRIMITIVE UNIT CELLS

The smallest volume of space that can generate the entire crystal when translated through all primitive translation vectors of the Bravais lattice.

7. Unit cell contents

Counting the number of atoms within the unit cell

8. Miller indices

In crystallography, it is convenient to describe planes and directions with respect to the crystal lattice using a set of three integers (hkl) called Miller indices (1839)

9. In ionic crystals, ions pack themselves so as to maximize the attractions and minimize repulsions between the ions.

•A more efficient packing improves these interactions.

•Placing a sphere in the crevice or depression between two others gives improved packing efficiency.

10. Each lattice point (dot) must have identical surroundings.

11. Space lattice a pattern of points that describes the arrangement of ions, atoms, or molecules in a crystal lattice.

12. Unit Cell the smallest, convenient microscopic fraction of a space lattice that:

1. When moved a distance equal to its own dimensions (in various directions) generates the entire space lattice.

2. Reflects as closely as possible the geometric shape or symmetry of the macroscopic crystal.

13. Primitive cell (P)– have a lattice point at each corner and contain one lattice point.(初基胞要求包含一个阵点)

材料科学相关英文术语