专题17 短文改错(解析版)

发布时间:2019-08-22 22:32:43

专题17 短文改错

【母题来源一】2019·全国卷I

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意

1word/media/image2_1.png每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.

【答案】

I became word/media/image3_1.png in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon word/media/image4_1.png I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly word/media/image5_1.png football fell just in front of me word/media/image6_1.png almost hit me.

I stopped the ball and kicked it word/media/image7_1.png back to the playground. To everyone’s word/media/image8_1.png, the ball went into the net. All the football word/media/image9_1.png on the playground cheered loudly, word/media/image10_1.png that I had a talent for football. From word/media/image11_1.png on, I started to play word/media/image12_1.png football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历,自己喜欢上了踢足球。从此成了一名优秀球员。

第一处:【解析】考查形容词用法。interest(使感兴趣;使关注)的形容词有interesting(使人感兴趣的)常修饰物;与interested(表现出兴趣的)常修饰人。本句的意思为:多亏一个偶然的事件,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I,故将interesting改为interested

第二处:【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when

第三处:【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a

第四处:【解析】考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。足球落下来打到我两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and

第五处:【解析】考查副词。hard(努力地;费力地)hardly(几乎不;几乎没有)都为副词,但是词义不同。本句意思为:我挡住足球,并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard

第六处:【解析】考查固定搭配。to one’s + 名词在句中表示结果,to one’s surprise意思为使某人惊讶的是…”。故将surprising改为surprise

第七处:【解析】考查名词的数。player(运动员)为可数名词,所以all(所有的)后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players

第八处:【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheeredsay在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为saying

第九处:【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:从那时开始,我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。且from now on(从现在开始)后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生的动作或存在的情况,不能用一般过去时。此处后面是一般过去时,表示从那时起from then on,故将now改为then

第十处:【解析】考查固定搭配。踢足球的英语表达为play football,中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。

【母题来源二】2019·全国卷II

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意

1word/media/image2_1.png每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.

【答案】

Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different word/media/image13_1.pngI would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so word/media/image14_1.png. Then, when I was in the word/media/image15_1.png grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher word/media/image16_1.png much. When I studied chemistry word/media/image17_1.pnghigh school, I reconsidered my goal word/media/image18_1.pngdecided to be a doctor. word/media/image19_1.png were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was word/media/image20_1.pngat the fact that a sick person could feel much word/media/image21_1.png better after seeing a doctor. And the other word/media/image22_1.png that I wanted to help people in need.

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了从小到大自己的职业梦想随着求学经历不断改变的过程。

第一处:【解析】考查名词的数。job(工作;职业)为可数名词,用different(不同的)修饰时意思为不同种类的工作,应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs

第二处:【解析】考查形容词的用法。句中的looked(看起来样)为系动词,系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool

第三处:【解析】考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的,所以在几年级中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth

第四处:【解析】考查副词。句意:在五年级的时候,因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师,所以我想变成一名老师。so much在句中一般表达肯定意思,可与that连用表示如此以至于。而too much表太多,一般与to搭配,表达否定意思以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思,非常so much very much,故将too改为very/so

第五处:【解析】考查介词。在高中需要用介词in或者at,故在high school前加in/at

第六处:【解析】考查连词。句意:在高中学化学的时候,我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。 重新考虑决定变成一名医生之间是顺承关系,不是选择关系。故将or改为and

第七处:【解析】考查there be句型。句意:有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系,且后边句子中的onethe other是对这两个原因的解释。故将they改为there

第八处:【解析】考查形容词用法。amaze(使惊奇;使惊愕)形容词形式有amazed(大为惊奇)与amazing(令人大为惊奇的)。本句话中主语为I,句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多,对此我感到惊奇,而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed

第九处:【解析】考查形容词比较级。句中betterwell(健康;身体好)的比较级形式,多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more 加形容词或副词,即more不能与berrer连用。故将more去掉。

第十处:【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时,且与最后一句并列的one was that…”用的也是一般过去时,所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was

【母题来源三】2019·全国卷III

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意

1word/media/image2_1.png每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty". In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.

【答案】

I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to word/media/image23_1.png a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it word/media/image24_1.png a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an word/media/image25_1.png cafe but a very special one. I want my cafeword/media/image26_1.pnghave a special theme such as word/media/image27_1.png "Tang Dynasty". In the cafe, customers will enjoy word/media/image28_1.png in the historical environment word/media/image29_1.png is created for them. If I succeed in word/media/image30_1.png one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different word/media/image31_1.png. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and word/media/image32_1.png unique style.

【详解】

第一处:【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语,to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open

第二处:【解析】考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required改为 requires

第三处:【解析】考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe,应用形容词。ordinarily 是副词。故把 ordinarily改为 ordinary

第四处:【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事。故在have前加to

第五处:【解析】考查介词的用法。such aslike都是用来举例子,重复了。故把like删除。

第六处:【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语,故把 yourselves改为 themselves

第七处:【解析】考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语,指物,关系代词用that/which。故 what改为that/which

第八处:【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。succeed in doing something成功的做了某事。故把manage 改为managing

第九处:【解析】考查名词的用法。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities

第十处:【解析】考查冠词的用法。an用在元音音素前,a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的单词,前用a。故把an改为a

【命题意图】

高考短文改错题是在给出一篇约100词的短文,文中有10处错误,要求考生对每个句子进行判断,如有错误将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。每句中最多有两处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

高考短文改错着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。此题型不仅要求考生牢固的掌握一定的词汇和语法知识,还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。它针对考生平时学习英语过程中,尤其是在写作中常犯的错误而设计的,考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。 

【考试方向】

一般来说,短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生文章或类似于考生习作的文章。所选材料篇幅较短,约100词左右,10—12个句子;难度不大,基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见,通常是叙述一个事情或说明一个事物。从体裁上看,历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主,兼顾说明文和议论文。通常从词法,句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题,错误类型有多词,缺词,和错词三种,比例一般为错词:多词:缺词=87):12):1  

【得分要点】

一、把握"三""四""五",共十二个考点

三个必考点:1. 名词的单复数;2. 介词的误用、多用或少用;3. 动词时态不一致。

四个常考点:1. 连词的误用、多用或少用;2. 冠词的误用、多用或少用;3. 词语辨析;4. 词性误用。

五个考点:1. 代词;2. 非谓语动词;3. 情态动词;4. 主谓一致;5. 形容词的比较级和最高级。

二、考法

1. 8个改词1个添词1个删词,记住比例是:8:1:1

2. 每句有0—2个错误;

3. 需要变形的词语通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词等;

4. 少词一般是添加冠词、介词、连词、不定式的to, 以及物主代词;

5. 多词一般是删掉冠词、介词、助动词等。

核心思路】根据考点找错误,又快又准高速度。

三、三个维度

1. 词法:介词、冠词、连词的多用,少用或误用,词性误用,非谓语动词,各类词缀,如否定前缀,名词、形容词、副词后缀;

2. 句法:主谓一致,时态一致,名词的单复数一致,代词的格和数一致;

3. 行文逻辑:并列句中两个简单句的关系,因果、转折、选择、并列关系等。

【精准对接】 文章和高考题相似度很高。

【母题12019届广东省深圳市高中高三高考模拟】

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I still remember how I become a good table tennis player. The first day I went to high school, I saw some of my classmates playing the table tennis. Amazed at how skillful they were, I was determined to be just as good. Late on, I often watched them carefully learn their techniques. Then I kept practiced until I became confident enough to challenge him. At the end of the term I became one of the best player in my class.

I am really proud in this experience. It helps me realize what we all can fulfill our potential and have our goals achieve through hard work. It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.”

【答案】

I still remember how I word/media/image35_1.png a good table tennis player. The first day I went to high school, I saw some of my classmates playing word/media/image36_1.png table tennis. Amazed at how skillful they were, I was determined to be just as good. word/media/image37_1.pngon, I often watched them carefully word/media/image38_1.pnglearn their techniques. Then I kept word/media/image39_1.png until I became confident enough to challenge him. At the end of the term I became one of the best word/media/image40_1.png in my class.

I am really proud word/media/image41_1.png this experience. It helps me realize word/media/image42_1.pngwe all can fulfill our potential and have our goals word/media/image43_1.png through hard work. It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.”

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者是如何成为一名优秀乒乓球运动员的。

第一处:become改为became 考查时态。句意:我仍然记得我是如何成为一名优秀的乒乓球运动员的。成为是过去的一件事情,所以how引导的宾语从句中用一般过去时态,故把become改成became

第二处:删除table tennis前的the。考查固定用法。play球类连用,球类前面没有冠词,playing table tennis“打乒乓球,故把table tennis前的the去掉。

第三处:late改为Later。考查固定词组。later on后来,故把Late改成Later

第四处:learn前加to 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:为了学习他们的技术,我经常仔细观察他们。此处是动词不定式作目的状语,故在learn前加to

第五处:practised改为practising。考查固定搭配。句意:然后我继续练习,直到我有足够的信心去挑战他们。固定搭配:keep doing sth.“保持做某事。故把practiced改成practicing

第六处:him改为them。考查人称代词宾格。句意:然后我继续练习,直到我有足够的信心去挑战他们。结合句意可知把him改成them

第七处:player改为players。考查名词复数。根据one of+名词复数,故把player改成players

第八处:in改为of 考查固定词组。句意:我真的为这次经历感到自豪。固定词组:be proud of“因为------而自豪。故把in改成of

第九处:what改为that。考查宾语从句。句意:它帮助我认识到,我们都可以实现我们的潜能,并通过努力工作把我们的目标实现。此处realize后面的宾语从句不缺主谓宾,引导词只其引导作用,故把what改成that

第十处:achieve改为achieved。考查过去分词。句意:它帮助我认识到,我们都能发挥自己的潜力,并通过努力工作把我们的目标实现。固定结构:have+宾语+宾语补足语。此处goals achieve之间是一种被动关系,是过去分词作宾语补足语,故把achieve改成achieved

【母题22019届江西省南昌二中高三高考模拟】

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处,每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

We each is thinking about the future. What is me? I have made up my mind become a middle school teacher. Does it sound surprising? I begin to have this dream when I was only the child. I love children. I don’t think that is a waste of time to deal with them all the year around. On the contrary, to me it would mean happiness and joyful. Although teachers are badly needed in our country, but not many of us want to become teachers. The main reason for this is that teaching is one of the most stressed jobs. In spite of that, I’m determined to give all my lives to the cause of education.

We each word/media/image44_1.pngthinking about the future. What is word/media/image45_1.png? I have made up my mind word/media/image46_1.pngbecome a middle school teacher. Does it sound surprising? I word/media/image47_1.png to have this dream when I was only word/media/image48_1.png child. I love children. I don’t think word/media/image49_1.pngis a waste of time to deal with them all the year around. On the contrary, to me it would mean happiness and word/media/image50_1.png. Although teachers are badly needed in our country, word/media/image51_1.png not many of us want to become teachers. The main reason for this is that teaching is one of the most word/media/image52_1.pngjobs. In spite of that, I’m determined to give all my word/media/image53_1.pngto the cause of education.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,作者介绍了自己想成为一名老师的梦想。

第一处:考查主谓一致。句意:我们每个人都在思考未来,主语是We,谓语用复数,故is改为are

第二处:考查代词。句意:我的(梦想)是什么?此处表示我的(梦想),应该用名词性物主代词,故me改为mine

第三处:考查不定式。句意:我已经下定决心做一名中学老师。此处表示目的,应该用不定式作目的状语,故在mind后加to

第四处:考查时态。句意:当我还是个孩子时我就有这个梦想。讲述的是过去的事情,应该用一般过去时,故begin改为began

第五处:考查冠词。句意参考上题解析,此处泛指一个孩子,故the改为a

第六处:考查形式主语。句意:我不认为一年四季都和他们打交道是浪费时间。分析句子结构可知此处用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故that改为it

第七处:考查名词。句意:相反,这对我来说意味着幸福和快乐。此处与happiness并列用名词作mean的宾语,故joyful改为joy

第八处:考查连词。句意:虽然我们国家非常需要老师,但是我们中的很多人不想当老师。前面已经有although,此处不能再用but,故删除but

第九处:考查形容词。句意:主要原因是教书是最有压力的工作之一。stressed修饰人,stressful修饰物,故stressed改为stressful

第十处:考查名词。句意:我决心将我的生命奉献给教育事业。根据“my”可知此处用单数,故lives改为life

专题17 短文改错(解析版)

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