单元综合测评(二)

(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

A

Robert Ballard was born in 1942. From an early age, he loved the sea. Ballard grew up in Southern California. He spent his free time at the beach near his home. He enjoyed fishing and swimming. He even learned to dive.

When Ballard wasn't at the ocean, he loved reading about it. At age 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo. Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up. His parents helped him follow his dream.

Ballard was a hardworking student. He spent many years learning all he could about the ocean. By the age of 28, he was an expert. In 1970，he took a job as a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts. There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean. He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans. Working with other scientists, Ballard also found previously unknown sea animals. These animals lived far below the ocean' s surface，where scientists had believed no animals could live.

By the 1980s, Ballard' s interests changed. He developed unmanned vehicles to explore the ocean bottom. His first find, the well­known ship Titanic, made Ballard famous. He was not happy with just one big find, however.He looked for－and found－other well­known ships. One was the German battleship Bismarck. Another was the USS. Yorktown，an aircraft carrier (航空母舰) that sank during World War Ⅱ.

Today Robert Ballard is still an underwater explorer. He also heads an organization that encourages students to learn about science. Ballard hopes that some of the students will follow in his footsteps. After all, the world's huge oceans are mostly unknown. Who knows what remains to be discovered under the sea?

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Robert Ballard成为水下探险家的经过。

1．What was Ballard's dream when he was young?

A．To be a science teacher.

B．To be a famous writer.

C．To be an animal expert.

D．To be an underwater explorer.

【解析】　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”并结合第二段第二句可知，他的梦想是成为水下探险家。

【答案】　D

2．When Ballard worked at Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institute, he ．

A．explored the undersea world by ship

B．thought of ideas to predict

underwater volcanoes

C．found some unknown sea animals alone

D．set up an organization to teach

students science

【解析】　细节理解题。根据第三段第六句“He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans.”可知，他想出了预测水下火山爆发的方法。

【答案】　B

3．Which is the correct order of the events mentioned in the text about Ballard?

a．He found the German battleship Bismarck.

b．He read a book about Captain Nemo.

c．He found the famous ship Titanic.

d．He became an expert in science.

A．b－c－d－a　　　 B．d－b－c－a

C．b－d－c－a D．d－c－a－b

【解析】　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，他10岁时读了有关Nemo船长的书，根据第三段内容可知，他1970年时成为一名科学家；根据第四段内容可知，到20世纪80年代，他发现了泰坦尼克号，之后发现了德国俾斯麦号战舰。

【答案】　C

4．What can we learn from the text?

A．Ballard was greatly influenced by Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.

B．Ballard didn't like fishing and swimming in his childhood.

C．Ballard's parents felt disappointed at his undersea adventures.

D．Human beings have explored more than half of the sea.

【解析】　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Robert Ballard读了《海底两万里》这本书使他明确了他的理想，并为之努力，最终获得了成功。因此这本书影响了他的一生。

【答案】　A

B

【导学号：15680043】

Coral reefs(珊瑚礁)are not just beautiful to look at, but also very useful. They shelter nearly 25% of ocean life and provide food for billions of people. However, like many other species, this amazing ecosystem(生态系统)is in danger of dying out!

There are two main reasons for the destruction—the rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation. While not much can be done about the former, the loss caused by the latter can be reduced.

Bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up when filled with fish. This action damaged the ocean floor, causing the coral branches to separate from the reefs. While that is very discouraging, the good news is that if these branches are found quickly, they can be saved. At present, that work is being performed by volunteer divers. But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater, nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deep­sea coral grows.

However, this is not the case for Coralbots－the robots that can constantly seek out broken branches. A team of ‘coralbots’， each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral, allowing them to regrow. They are programmed to be able to distinguish between other things and the coral. The robots work together in groups, similar to bees. If one coralbot is damaged then the others will still be able to complete the task.

Dr Lea­Anne Henry said: “The project of using coralbots offers us the possibility to restore(修复) the function of reefs. It is in the final stage of testing. Once ready, the researchers hope to build hundreds of them and use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.”

【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。美丽的珊瑚礁不仅在维系海洋生态平衡方面起着十分重要的作用，它与我们的日常生活也息息相关。对于面临灭绝的珊瑚礁我们能做点什么呢？

5．Which of the following is a cause of the danger that coral reefs are facing?

A．The appearance of new creatures.

B．The seriously polluted sea water.

C．The activities of volunteer divers.

D．Human activities like bottom operation.

【解析】　事实细节题。根据第二段首句中的“...as well as human influences like bottom operation.”可知答案为D。

【答案】　D

6．Compared with volunteer divers, coralbots ．

A．can stay longer underwater

B．must work as bees do

C．can distinguish what is coral

D．can never be damaged

【解析】　推理判断题。由第三段可知，目前修复受损珊瑚礁的工作由潜水志愿者完成。但他们因为不能长时间待在水下而使工作效果大打折扣。再结合第四段首句可知机器人在水下停留的时间会长些。故答案为A。

【答案】　A

7．What does the underlined word“them” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Coralbots. B．Broken branches.

C．Working bees. D．Bits of coral.

【解析】　词义猜测题。由上文可知，修复受损珊瑚礁的机器人目前还处于调试阶段。结合语境可以推断，一旦调试完毕，研究者们希望批量生产这种机器人。因此答案为A。

【答案】　A

8．We can infer from the passage that ．

A．bottom operation has affected most underwater

creatures

B．broken branches of coral can regrow if saved in time

C．hundreds of the coralbots have worked well in the oceans

D．with the coralbots all damaged coral reefs can be restored

【解析】　推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知A项没有依据；由最后一段可知这种机器人尚未正式投入使用，故排除C项；由于D项中的all一词过于绝对，此项也不可选。而根据倒数第二段中的“...constantly seek out broken branches”和“...piece together damaged bits of coral，allowing them to grow.”可知答案为B。

【答案】　B

C

(2015·北京高考)

Life in the Clear

Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet — as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says，“These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating them.”

And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see­through? It's trickier than you might think.

The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.

But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don't see it — you see the things behind it.

To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments, so its tissues won't absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.

Animals are built of many different materials — skin, fat, and more — and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see­through. Others build a large, clear mass of non­living jelly­like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.

Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they're doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non­transparent milky white.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活在海洋中的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。

9．According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals ．

A．stay in groups

B．can be easily damaged

C．appear only in deep ocean

D．are beautiful creatures

【解析】　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.可知，大部分的透明生物是非常脆弱的，仅碰一碰就会受到损害，故B项“很容易受到损害”正确。A项“集体待在一起”和D项“是美丽的生物”在第一段中没有提到；根据第一段中的between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet可知，它们生活在海面与海面以下大约3 300英尺之间的海水中，故C项“只出现在深海中”错误。

【答案】　B

10．The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ．

A．silently B．gradually

C．regularly D．completely

【解析】　词义猜测题。由第三段可知，我们能看到物体一类是因为它们减慢了光速和对光进行了散射，使其改变了原来的路线，而另外一类是因为它们对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那么在光的传播过程中就被完全阻止了，因此这里dead意为“完全地”，故选D。

【答案】　D

11．One way for an animal to become transparent is to ．

A．change the direction of light travel

B．gather materials to scatter light

C．avoid the absorption of light

D．grow bigger to stop light

【解析】　细节理解题。根据第五段中的To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.可知，想变透明就要让身体避免对光线吸收或进行散射，因此C项“避免光线的吸收”是其中的一个方法。A项“改变光传播的方向”，B项中的to scatter light(散射光)和D项中的to stop light(阻止光)都是我们可看见物体的原因，不是透明生物的特点，均应予以排除。

【答案】　C

12．The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals ．

A．move more slowly in deep water

B．stay see­through even after death

C．produce more tissues for their survival

D．take effective action to reduce light spreading

【解析】　推理判断题。D项中的take effective action和最后一段倒数第二句中的an active process是同义表达，reduce light spreading和最后一段第一句中的slow down light是同义表达，故D项正确。最后一段中没有提到A、C两项；根据最后一段最后一句中的they turn a non­transparent milky white可知，它们死后会变成不透明的乳白色，故B项错误。

【答案】　D

D

When my father was getting ready for work，our house was ruled by knocks and words.

He used to come downstairs to breakfast.

The morning paper lay beside his plate.He always read the “Deaths” first，and then he knocked once on the table.One of my sisters brought his bread，already buttered for him.Usually he said nothing，but once I heard him say，“I love you very much，Edith．I would love more if you buttered my bread on both sides.” He read the paper all through breakfast.

Two knocks on the table meant “I am ready for my tea.” If a single knock followed，that meant，“More bread，please.”

After breakfast he said，“Boots.” The paper was spread(展开) for him over the back of an arm­chair.Yesterday's paper was put on the chair for his feet，and his boots were brought to him，freshly cleaned.He read standing at the same time putting on his boots.With one boot finished he said，“Bus.” At that point one of the girls went outside to the garden gate and waited there.Her job was to stop a bus when it came.It came early sometimes and it had to wait for my father.“Overcoat，hat.” One of my sisters had already brushed his overcoat.Now she held it open for him.Another girl came with his hat，nicely brushed.“Handkerchief，pipe(烟斗)．” They were brought and put，with his tobacco(烟草)，into his pocket.He looked out of the window and said either “Walking stick” or “Umbrella”．It was handed to him.Ready now，he was still reading the paper.He didn't put it down until he heard the shout “Bus coming！” Then he kissed my mother and went out.The girls breathed freely.

How lucky a man was to have a wife and five daughters at home!

【语篇解读】　本文讲一个幸福的男人在早上由他的五个女儿和妻子服侍的故事。

13．When the father made the first knock，he meant .

A．he had begun to read the morning newspaper

B．he was made to feel sad by the“Deaths” news

C．he would start to read the other parts of the paper

D．his breakfast should begin

【解析】　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句 then he knocked once on the table.One of my sisters brought his bread，already buttered for him 可知答案为 D。

【答案】　D

14．What does “Edith” mean?

A．A kind of bread.

B．One of the writer's sisters.

C．The writer.

D．The writer's mother.

【解析】　词义猜测题。根据 I love you very much，Edith.I would love more if you buttered my bread on both sides 可知 Edith 是他女儿的名字。

【答案】　B

15．From the story we may see that ．

A．the father was so lazy that he hardly did anything

B．the father was the “centre” of the family

C．every girl in the family was afraid to do wrong because they didn't know clearly enough what to do

D．the father was hated by all his daughters

【解析】　推理推断题。看过全文我们知道整个早上他家里所有的人都在为他服务，由此可以看出他的家是以他为中心的，因此应该选择 B。

【答案】　B

Ⅱ.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

16 You probably think you will never be a top student.This is not necessarily so, however.Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.Here's how：

Plan your time carefully.When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do.After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time.First set your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc.Then decide a good, regular time for studying. 17 A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.

Find a good place to study.Look around the house for a good study area.Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials.No games, radios, or television.When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.

Make good use of your time in class. 18 Listening carefully in class means less work later.Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.

Study regularly.When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day and read that material. 19 If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you'll remember it longer.

Develop a good attitude towards tests.The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.They help you remember your new knowledge.The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't be over worried.

20 You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.

A．There are many methods that might help you with your studying.

B．Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.

C．Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.

D．No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.

E．Maybe you are an average student.

F．Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.

G．This will help you understand the next class.

【答案】　16－20　EBCGA

Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

【导学号：15680044】

Nellie Melba was Australia's “Queen of Opera”. She was born in Melbourne in 1861 and her 21 name was Helen Porter Mitchell. She grew up in a musical family where she showed great 22 in music and studied it. When she was 20, Helen Mitchell married the manager of a Queensland sugar farm. 23 she was not happy and the next year she went back to Melbourne to 24 her music and 25 lessons. She wanted to make a 26 for herself as an opera singer.

In 1886 she went to London. But 27 there seemed interested in this young 28 singer from Australia. She went to Paris to have lessons from a well­known teacher. In December 1886 she gave a 29 in which she used the name “Nellie Melba” in honor of Melbourne，her 30 ．

Nellie Melba was soon a 31 . She sang in London, Europe，Russia and America. She was paid 32 every time she sang. In 1902 she 33 to Melbourne, which was well 34 and thousands of people 35 in the streets for her. They waved and 36 as she drove by. From then on she 37 her time between London and 38 . During World War Ⅰ she sang in many concerts to 39 money for her country.

In 1918 Nellie Melba was 40 a dame (＝an important woman) of the British Empire.

【语篇解读】　Helen Porter Mitchell于1861年出生在墨尔本。她出生于音乐世家，对音乐非常感兴趣。20岁时嫁给了昆士兰州的一个老板，但是婚姻并不幸福。后来又回到了家乡继续她的音乐生涯，她到了伦敦未得到认可，然后去巴黎从师于一位著名的教师，后来成为著名歌星，1902年返回家乡时，成千上万的人在大街上迎接她。

21．A.real　　　 B．right

C．true D．family

【解析】　演员通常有艺名和原名，人们常提起的是艺名，因此这里指她的真名叫Helen Porter Mitchell，而true意为“真的”与false(假的)相对。

【答案】　A

22．A.love B．interest

C．power D．expert

【解析】　show interest in 为固定词组，表示“对……表现出兴趣”。

【答案】　B

23．A.And B．Still

C．But D．Because

【解析】　根据not happy可知此处表示转折。她嫁了人却并不幸福。

【答案】　C

24．A.continue B．study

C．take D．keep

【解析】　这里指她回到墨尔本，“继续”她的音乐课程。

【答案】　A

25．A.piano B．singing

C．dancing D．language

【解析】　她对音乐感兴趣，因此，她应该上音乐课，此处指演唱课程。

【答案】　B

26．A.story B．song

C．name D．part

【解析】　make a name for sb. as sth.为固定词组，表示“某人作为……而成名”，有时也可把make换成win。

【答案】　C

27．A.everybody B．all

C．no one D．none

【解析】　她来到伦敦，希望能够取得成功，但是，似乎没有人对她感兴趣，因此，她又去巴黎，从师于一位著名的教师。no one表示“没有人”，相当于nobody。

【答案】　C

28．A.unknown B．well­known

C．famous D．successful

【解析】　当时，她来到伦敦希望成功，当然是一个不知名的歌手。

【答案】　A

29．A.lesson B．lecture

C．concert D．report

【解析】　一个歌手当然是举办音乐会。

【答案】　C

30．A.family B．hometown

C．teacher B．school

【解析】　由文中第一段第二句话可知她出生在Melbourne，所以说Melbourne就是她的故乡。

【答案】　B

31．A.star B．singer

C．professor D．teacher

【解析】　很快，她成为歌星，star此处表示歌星。

【答案】　A

32．A.good B．badly

C．little D．well

【解析】　她成了歌星，报酬当然会很高。well此处用来修饰pay，pay为动词，应用副词修饰。

【答案】　D

33．A.returned B．went

C．got D．drove

【解析】　她一直在外学习、演出，1902年她又回到故乡，故用return。

【答案】　A

34．A.organized B．dressed

C．cleaned D．built

【解析】　此处dress表示“装扮、装饰”之意。城市被装扮一新。

【答案】　B

35．A.lined B．stood

C．crowded D．waited

【解析】　有成千上万的人在街上等着看她。wait与后面的for搭配构成wait for意为“等待”。line沿……排成行；crowd拥挤。

【答案】　D

36．A.laughed B．cheered

C．shouted D．cried

【解析】　wave挥手，cheer欢呼，因为大家都很喜欢她，所以大家热烈地欢迎她。

【答案】　B

37．A.divided B．separated

C．spent D．lived

【解析】　divide可与between连用，between后常接具体的事。这里表示她在伦敦和澳大利亚之间来回跑。

【答案】　A

38．A.America B．Russia

C．Australia D．France

【解析】　从第一段第一句“Australia's‘Queen of opera’”以及第二段第二句“this young 28 singer from Australia”可以判断出，她是澳大利亚人，她在伦敦与家乡之间来回跑，即她在伦敦和澳大利亚之间来回跑。

【答案】　C

39．A.earn B．collect

C．make D．bring

【解析】　她开演唱会，为她的祖国募集钱。collect表“收集，募集”。

【答案】　B

40．A.called B．made

C．given D．thought

【解析】　make sb. sth.使某人成为……＝sb.be made sth.某人成为……

【答案】　B

Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

When I was a ten­year­old girl，I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life”．To talk before the whole class！Just imagine how 41. (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other 42. (choose)，though.First I was to draft the speech and that was just a piece of cake for me，because I was a good writer—something to pride myself in.But the hard part 43. (lie) in my oral presentation；to read from 44. paper was not allowed；I had to give the speech 45. my memory and in front of such a big audience！A real trial began when I stood on the platform with my legs 46. (tremble) and my mind blank.How much time had passed by，I didn't know.My listeners were still waiting，patiently and without any signs of rushing me.Gradually I found 47. back，giving out my speech with difficulty.Finally I finished.After 48. seemed to be a hundred years，I found my audience applauding.I made it！From then on，my fear of talking before an audience disappeared.Actually with my confidence building up，I now turn out to be a great speaker.Looking back，I know the 49. (great) difficulty on our way to success is our fear；overcome it，50. we will be able to achieve our goals.

【答案】　41.terribly　42.choice　43.lay　44.the　45.from　46.trembling　47.myself　48.what 49．greatest　50.and

Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

(2016·河南洛阳八中高三下月考)How are you? Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you. I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my further education. Two hundreds and twenty students took exams but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However, my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against my going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me for a whole year and they are afraid I will feel lonely. They couldn't imagine a girl so young living alone. They advise me to study in the capital instead. Then I'll be able to continue living with us. Please give me some advice and tell me why I can persuade them to accept the fact what I have grown up.

【答案】　

How are you? Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you. I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my further education. Two and twenty students took exams but only a few chosen and I was one of them. However, my parents are not happy about it. They are against my going there. They say it is far away that they will not see me for a whole year and they are afraid I will feel lonely. They imagine a girl so young living alone. They advise me to study in the capital instead. Then I'll be able to continue living with. Please give me some advice and tell me I can persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up.

Ⅵ.书面表达(满分25分) 【导学号：15680045】

假如你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前某英语杂志社举办“建设节约型校园”征文比赛。请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：

1．学校里浪费的现象，如水、电与餐厅食物等；

2．浪费造成的危害；

3．你的建议与措施。

注意：1.词数：100左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

Building Up a Saving Campus

Our school campus is becoming more and more beautiful.But did you notice with the improvement of people's living standard，how much is wasted on campus？For example，some students leave the lights on in the daytime，waste running water after washing dishes.In the dining hall，you can see a lot of food thrown away every day.

The habit of being wasteful has a bad effect on our character.We have to pay for those things wasted，and this adds to our expense.What is worse，we are wasting the earth's resource.So it's high time we dealt with this problem.

How to reduce the waste？In my opinion，it is everybody's duty to save energy and resources.We must start with ourselves and from now！Then our society will go on developing and our life will be better.

2016-2017学年高中英语Unit2Sailingtheoceans单元综合测评