第16练 自然与环保类（二）

高考高频单词与短语识记排查

[跟踪训练]

在空格处填入适当的词(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式

1．The (short) of cotton kept the prices up.

2．Weber is (challenge) his audience to question their own beliefs.

3．Whether such properties are a good deal will depend on individual (situation)．

4．I don’t like pubs.They’re noisy， (smell)，and what’s more，expensive.

5．It’s said that foods can (damage) if they are kept too cold.

6．A shortage of funds is preventing the UN monitoring relief.

7．The manager asked the girls to call out their names turn.

8．It was my good fortune to be linked Madame Curie through twenty years of friendship.

9．Too much work and too little rest often lead illness.

10．Even rich men may be faced financial problems.

阅读能力专练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2017·甘肃兰州一中月考)

Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean，an S­shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.

“Storm at Sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of mankind’s earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.

When the wind is from the west

All the waves that cannot rest

To the east must thunder on

Where the bright tree of the sun

Is rooted in the ocean’s breast.

As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.

It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath—perhaps not so noticeably out in mid­ocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences，too；unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of sub­ocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.

1．Unlike real inland seas，the Atlantic Ocean is .

A．always energetic

B．lacking in liveliness

C．shaped like a square

D．favored by ancient poets

2．What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?

A．To describe the movement of the waves.

B．To show the strength of the storm.

C．To represent the power of the ocean.

D．To prove the vastness of the sea.

3．What does the underlined word “symbiotic” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Living together.

B．Growing fast.

C．Moving harmoniously.

D．Breathing peacefully.

4．In the last paragraph，the Atlantic is compared to .

A．a beautiful and poetic place

B．a flesh and blood person

C．a wonderful world

D．a lovely animal

B

(2017·黑龙江哈尔滨六中月考)

In US，the potato is one of the most widely consumed crops.French fries are commonly found in typical American fast­food burger joints and cafeterias.French fries were introduced to the US when Thomas Jefferson served them in the White House during his presidency from 1801 to 1809.Potato chips are popular with consumers as well.

The humble potato is more than just a kind of food.In many ways it’s part of the American pop culture.Let’s take a look at some pop culture potatoes.

Mashed Potato dance

The Mashed Potato dance is a craze that began in 1962.The name of the dance came from the song it accompanies，Mashed Potato Time，performed by American R&B singer Dee Dee Sharp.The move vaguely resembles that of the Twist dance style，by Sharp’s fellow Philadelphian，Chubby Checker.

Hot Potato!

Hot Potato! is an action puzzle video game released in 2001.In the game the player must drive a bus and clear the road of alien potato beings.The potato beings are either red or blue；when two like­colored potatoes touch each other，they disappear.Over the years，Hot Potato! has received mostly positive reception from critics.

Mr.Potato Head

Mr.Potato Head is an American toy invented by George Lerner in 1949.The toy consists of a plastic potato model and a variety of plastic parts like hands，feet，ears and mouths.In 1952，Mr.Potato Head became the first toy advertised on television.This commercial revolutionized marketing and caused a boom that solidified this toy’s place in American pop culture.

5．Which is the newest to the American pop culture?

A．French fries.

B．Mashed Potato dance.

C．Hot Potato!

D．Mr.Potato Head.

6．What can we infer from the text?

A．French fries were popular in US when first served in the White House.

B．Mashed Potato Time came from Mashed Potato dance.

C．Players can play Hot Potato！on their phone.

D．Mr.Potato Head can be taken apart.

7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Enjoy American Fast Food

B．Have Fun with Potatoes

C．Different Uses of Potatoes

D．American Food Culture

Ⅱ.七选五

(2017·湖南衡阳八中质检)

A new report says plastics are responsible for 13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment.The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. 8

Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 9 After a while，it collects in the sea.And plastic never goes away.Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes.Instead，it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time.The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物)． 10 That means harmful material may get into our food supply.

11 Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.They can use fewer single­use product containers and throw plastics away correctly.Plastic recycling programs also work—where old bottles and other plastics are collected，broken down and used to make new products.We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to，rather than end it after the first use.We could，when we get rid of that plastic，recycle it and reuse it，which replaces the need for raw materials.

The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. 12 And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use.By putting a new value on plastic，industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.

But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.

A．Then，fish may eat the plastics.

B．But people can make a big difference.

C．Plastics should be gathered together and reused.

D．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.

E．It asks for them to better measure and control plastic use.

F．The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.

G．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.

答案解析

高考高频单词与短语识记排查

跟踪训练

1．shortage　2.challenging　3.situations　4.smelly 5．be damaged　6.from　7.in　8.with　9.to　10.with

阅读能力专练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

1．A　[细节理解题。第一段最后两句话谈到大西洋具有丰富的海洋活跃分子，不像真正的内陆海一样平静，又由vitality和energetic表达的意思相近，故答案为A项。]

2．C　[写作意图题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“It is an ocean...whistling.”可推知，本文选用“Storm at Sea”这首诗的目的是说明大西洋力量的强大，它会制造各种各样的噪音——永远轰鸣、翻滚、冲击、呼啸，所以选择C项。]

3．A　[词义猜测题。“It is filled with symbiotic existences...”之后的内容是对这一句的解释。根据画线单词上文中的a living creature和下文中的mix，harmony可知，symbiotic意为“混合的，共生的”，指的是“那些难以想象的大量的生物，无论大小，都混合在一起共生”。故选A。]

4．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的heartbeat“心跳”、psychology “心理”和personalities “个性，品质”可推知，作者把大西洋比作了一个有血有肉的人，故答案为B项。]

5．C　[细节理解题。根据文章讲述的3种与土豆相关的文化所产生的时间(1962,2001,1949)可知，C项正确。]

6．D　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段前两句“Mr.Potato Head is an American toy invented by George Lerner in 1949.The toy consists of a plastic potato model and a variety of plastic parts like hands，feet，ears and mouths.”可知，Mr.Potato Head是一种玩具，可以分为脚、手、耳朵等，故选D。]

7．B　[标题归纳题。文章讲述了在美国，马铃薯是最广泛食用的作物之一，而它的存在形式也多种多样。文章通过介绍土豆泥舞蹈、烫手山芋、Potato Head先生，让人们了解与土豆有关的美国的流行文化。故选B。]

Ⅱ.七选五

8．G　9.F　10.A　11.B　12.E

2018年高考英语总复习微专题训练第16练自然与环保类（二）1