第二讲　代　词

第一课时　知识过关课

代词

1.表“两者”和“多者”的代词

(1)表示否定可说not...either/any，但没有either/any...not的说法。

(2)none既可指人，也可指物。它强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”，常用于回答how much和how many开头的问句；还可与介词of连用。no one只能指人(＝nobody)，不能接of短语，常用于回答who开头的问句。

(3)both/all/every等与not连用表示部分否定，意为“并非……都/每一”。

2.表“另外的，别的”的代词

(1)单独的other只能作定语。

(2)搭配：some...others...有些……另外一些……；one...the other...一个……(特指两者中的)另一个……；one...another...still another...一个……另一个……还有一个……(列举，非特指)；for one thing...for another...一则……，再则……(列出理由)。

(3)特殊：another用于“another＋基数词(few)＋复数名词”中，与“基数词(some)＋other/more＋复数名词”相当。

3.区分几个替代词

(1)it和that都替代“the＋单数名词”，都是特指，都可替代可数和不可数名词；但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。

(2)one替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指；其复数形式ones替代泛指的复数名词。

(3)the one是one的特指，替代“the＋单数可数名词”，相当于that；其复数形式those，替代“the＋复数名词”，在口语中也可用those代替。当后面有of短语时，多用that或those；当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)。

读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分的代词，体会其意义和在句中作何种成分。

We[1] students should get on well with each other[2].But in fact, something unpleasant can happen from time to time.For example, yesterday afternoon，it[3] was fine. All[4] of us went out to the playground.Some were playing games and others[5] were playing football when two boys of us quarreled and then fought.Every one[6] of us was confused because they were ever very good friends and nobody[7] could exactly tell what[8] they fought for.Neither[9] of them wanted to give in to the other[10].I thought it[11] wrong of them to do so.So I tried to tell them[12] that we should put ourselves[13] in others’ shoes, but both[14] of them were too angry to calm down.It[15] was not until our headteacher came that they parted.In my opinion, it[16] is necessary for us to calm down and solve problems that we meet.Only those[17] who can easily forgive and forget will get a more comfortable life.

1.we是人称代词主格，在本句中作主语。

2.each other与one another两个是相互代词，在句中只能作及物动词或介词的宾语。本句中的each other作介词with的宾语。

3.it指天气。

4.all不定代词，在本句中作主语。

5.some...others...是固定句式，表示“一些人……另一些人……”。

6.every one不定代词，在本句中作主语，注意，every one常接of短语，但everyone (＝everybody)不与of短语连用。

7.nobody (＝no one)表示“没有一个人”，在本句中作主语。若与of短语连用，则要用none，如None of them has/have been there.他们中没有一个人去过那里。

8.what疑问代词，意为“什么”，在宾语从句中作fought for的宾语。

9.neither指两者中的“没有一个”，在本句中作主语。

10.the other特指两者中的“另外一个”，在本句中作介词to的宾语。

11.it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。

12.them是人称代词的宾格，在句中作宾语。

13.ourselves是反身代词，在本句中作put的宾语。反身代词在句中一般作宾语，也可作主语或宾语的同位语。

14.both表示“两者都”，在本句中作主语。

15.it用于构成强调结构，it was not until...that...意为“直到……才……”。

16.it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。

17.those表示“那些人”，相当于those people。

Ⅰ.单句填空(请在空格处填入1个适当的代词)

1.At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.

2.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones.

3.I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like either of them very much.

4.It’s an either－or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do both.

5.Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.

6.This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.

7.If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand，could you get one for me?

8.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have some work to do.

9.We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one based on your own interest.

10.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.

11.The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.

12.We feel it our duty to make our country a better place.

13.I smiled a big smile and it worked a little, really.

14.I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax myself.

15.At that moment an attractive young lady, who noticed my book, came to to me and introduced herself.

Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)

1.The doctor advised Vera strongly to take a holiday, but he didn’t help.he→it

2.The chairman thought that necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.that→it

3.The book is of great value.Everything can be enjoyed unless you digest it.Everything→Nothing

4.If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on us.第二个us→ourselves

5.Those who smoke heavily should remind them of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.them→themselves

6.The film that I saw it yesterday is interesting.去掉it

7.With Mr.Smith to teach our English, our spoken English will be improved.our→us

8.I think the dog owners should be aware that his dogs have caused damage to the environment.his→their

9.On hearing this, the young man’s face turned red and she immediately threw the cigarette into the dustbin in the bus.she→he

10.My teachers often encourage we to take after－class activities.we→us

11.A man came in and asked who was the monitor of our class.I told him that myself was monitor.在myself前加I

12.We can practice using English idioms in your diary writing.your→our

Ⅲ.语篇填空(在空格处填入1个适当的单词)

An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market.The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1. .A man saw them and asked the son why 2. wasn’t riding the donkey.Then the father let 3. ride it.4. man saw them and told 5. that they should 6. ride the donkey.So 7. both got on it.A woman who saw them said，“Tell 8. ， why are you both riding that poor animal？9. looks so weak and tired.10. are so cruel！”Then, the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge.When they were halfway across the bridge, the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.

【语篇导读】　这是一则寓言故事，讲述的是没有主见的父子二人骑驴去赶集的故事。

1.it　[指代前面的the donkey。]

2.he　[指代前面的the son，在宾语从句中作主语，用主格。]

3.him　[指his son，作let的宾语，用宾格。]

4.Another　[泛指“另一个”人。]

5.them　[指代the father和his son，作told的宾语。]

6.both　[作主语they的同位语，指这对父子“两人都”应骑在驴背上。]

7.they　[指代the father和his son，作主语。]

8.me　[与后面的you(你)相对，应是me(我)。]

9.It　[指前面的that poor animal。]

10.You　[由前面的you both可知。]

第二课时　高考研究课

代词在语法填空中的考查点

规律方法

1.人称代词

位置决定形式：①主语处→主格；②宾语处→宾格；③名词前→形容词性物主代词

2.不定代词

①位置：主语或宾语处；

②推敲语境，搞清被指代名词的特点；

③搜索词汇，从常见的不定代词中找出适合语境的最佳答案。

真题验证1

1.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using every day.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)

答案　it　[用it指代前句中的railway。]

2.Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt (I)，”says Pahlsson.(2017·浙江卷)

答案　myself　[根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。]

3.On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.(2017·浙江卷)

答案　its　[名词前应该使用形容词性物主代词。]

4. In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.(2017·浙江卷)

答案　that　[不定代词代指前面the education system，同名异物，且为特指。]

5.Now it occurred to that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.(2015·广东卷)

答案　him　[介词后使用宾格。]

6.A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking smog. (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)

答案　its　[名词前应该使用形容词性物主代词。]

7. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.(2015·福建卷改编)

答案　neither　[由语境可知此处表示两者(two reports)全部否定，故使用不定代词neither。]

8.Niki is always full of ideas, but is useful to my knowledge.(2015·四川卷改编)

答案　none　[由语境可知此处表示三者或以上(full of ideas)全部否定，故使用不定代词none。]

代词在短文改错中的考查点

规律方法

真题验证2

1.Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)

答案　第一句all→both或去掉all　[因为此处指张先生和张太太两个人。both指两者都，all指三者或三者以上都。]

2.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)

答案　your→my　[作者以第一人称叙述了这张照片的故事，按照逻辑关系应是“这张照片经常让我想到我高中阶段的许多记忆”，故应该使用代词my。]

3.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)

答案　your→our　[代词指代不一致。]

4.When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.(2016·四川卷)

答案　her→his　[代词指代不一致。]

5.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2015·浙江卷)

答案　them→it　[由语境可知是“很多树围绕在一个公园周围”。]

6.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.(2015·陕西卷)

答案　anything→something　[在肯定句中常常使用something。]

第三课时　写作增分课

代词在写作中的增分点

一、使用好代词，写出正确优美句子

1.在我看来，我们学生应当遵守学校制度，做学校让我们做的事情。(obey the regulations, whatever)

In my opinion, we students should obey the regulations of our school, and do whatever our school asks us to do.

2.在冬季，北京的天气比广州的天气冷得多。(the weather of Beijing)

In winter, the weather of Beijing is much colder than that of Guangzhou.

3.张老师是一位非常受人尊重的老师，一位我们终生都不会忘记的老师。(a most respected, one, for the rest of our lives)

Mr.Zhang is a most respected teacher, one we’ll never forget for the rest of our lives.

4.每个人都应关心环境。我们中的每一个人都应当为保护环境做出贡献。(everyone, care about, the environment, every one, make a contribution to)

Everyone should care about the environment and every one of us should make a contribution to protecting it.

5.一些人赞成这个主意。不过，另外一些人强烈反对。(some, in favor of, however, strongly against)

Some are in favor of the idea; however, others are strongly against it.

二、使用it句型，写出高颜值的增分句子

1. 遵守规则是每个人的责任。(It is everyone’s responsibility to...)

It is everyone’s responsibility to obey the rules.

2. 知道自己的局限性是重要的。(It’s important to...)

It’s important to know your own limitations.

3. 我知道是开始做作业的时候了，但我就是忍不住要玩电脑游戏。(it is time for me to do...)

I know it is time for me to set out to do my homework, but I just can’t resist playing computer games.

4. 她是一个热心肠的人，因此她经常帮助那些处于困境的人们就不足为怪了。(it is no wonder that...)

She is warm－hearted, so it is no wonder that she always helps those who are in trouble.

5. 更糟的是，一些司机、骑车人和行人(pedestrian)不认为遵守交规有多么重要。(think it vital to...)

What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.

6. 总之，自由分享(wild release)使得我们选择所喜欢的书籍时方便得多。(make it much more convenient for sb to do...)

In a word, “wild release” makes it much more convenient for us to choose what books we like.

7. 当谈及英语时，听和说是我的弱项之所在。(when it comes to...)

Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when it comes to English.

8. 自从我们上次见面已经三年了。(It is...since...)

It is already three years since we met last time.

教育最新K12英语高三一轮复习系列外研学案导学版文档：第二部分 基础保分篇 第二讲