单性生殖动物的进化
发布时间:
维普资讯http://www.cqvip.com
动物学研究2002,Aug.23(4):329~334
CN 53—・1040/Q ISSN 0254—・5853
Zoological Research
单性生殖动物的进化
周 莉,桂建芳
(【}l国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态 生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉
430072,jfgui@ihb.ac.cn)
摘要:传统的观念认为,单性动物由于失去了,重组机会,必然难以适应变化的环境,终将绝灭。但是已被
发现的近50种单性脊椎动物不仅没有因失去基因的重组和交换而绝灭,反而表现出强大的生命力。其有害突 变积累和较长的生物演化历程之间的矛盾和在缺乏遗传重组情况下的进化机制是特别引人关注的莺大生物学问 题。简要论述了单性动物独特的基因组结构、存在历史及其进化途径(突变、三倍化、异精雌核发育生殖方式 和异精效应及生殖方式多样化)。
关键词:单性动物;突变;异精雌核发育;三倍化;生殖方式;多样性
中图分类号:Q754 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0254—5853(2002)04—0329—06
Evolution of Unisexual Animals
ZHOU ki,GUI Jian—fang
(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of ltydrobiology
the Chinese AcademyofSciences,Wuhan 430072,China, ui@ihb.∞.cn)
A ̄tract:Owing to the absence of genetic recombination and the accumulation of deleterious mutations,unisexual animals were generally thought to be short—lived on an evolutionary timescale because of Muller’S ratchet.However,more
than 50 unisexual species have been identiied ifn lower vertebrates and the evolutionary history has been revealed to be very long.The intriguing contradiction between the deleterious mutation accumulation and the evolutionary longevity,and the underlying mechanism in the absence of genetic reeombilmtion remain to be revealed and interpreted.In this review,
we introduce special stnlctural characterization of genome,evolutionary history and possible ways to evolutionary Success in these unisexual animals,such as mutation,triploidy allogynogenesis and reproduction mode diversity.
Key words:Unisexual animal;Mutation;Allogynogenesis;Triploidy;Reproduction mode;Diversity
雌核发育单性鱼帆鲔(Poecilia formosa)由美国 椎动物的生殖方式主要有3种,即孤雌生殖 鱼类学家Hubbs&Hubbs(1932)首次发现。50年代
(parthenogenesis)、雌核生殖(gynogenesis)和杂种生 殖(hybridogenesis)(Monaco et al。,1984;Vrijenhoek。
末至60年代初,一批单性脊椎动物又由其他学者相