牛津深圳版初一下学期英语知识点总结材料0

发布时间:2019-07-20 02:07:51

Chapter One Travel

一.课文重点词语与短语

plan 计划 plan to do sth. 计划去做某事

offer 提供 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.

provide 提供 provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth

shop 购物 shop for sth = buy sth

Why not do sth? =Why don’t you do sth 为什么不做

used to do sth 过去常常做某事

be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

the same as 一样

be famous for sth = be well-known for sth 闻名

be famous as 作为而著名

help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事

help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

one of + 可数名词复数 之一,其中之一

二.语法:冠词a,an,the 的用法

★不定冠词a/an的用法主要有:

1.泛指 表示"某一个",用于可数名词单数前。如: We need a rent to live in.

2.与可数名词单数连用,表示类别。如:

1) I'm a student.(是学生而不是其他人。)

2) An elephant is much bigger than a tiger.

3.在某些词组中,代替介词per,作“每一”讲。如: twice a day, 5 dollars a kilo

 I play computer games once a week.

注意: a /an 的区别  

a 用在辅音开头的单词前:a cat, a useful book

an 用在元音发音的单词前:an English book, an interesting story,

an honest boy, an important party, an ugly man

★定冠词the的用法主要有:

1. 表示特指某人或某物。如:

   The notebook on the desk is mine.

   Beijing is the capital of China.

2. 表示上文提过的人或事物。如:

   There is a cat under the chair. The cat is black and white.

3. 表示世界上独一无二的东西。如:

   the earth, the sun

4. 用于说话双方都知道的名词前。如:

   Let's go for a picnic, shall we?

5. 用在作定语的序数词前。如:

   She is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.

6. 用在形容词前表示一类人。如:

the rich, the old, the sick, the deaf

7. 用在乐器名称前。如:

   play the violin(guitar, piano)

8. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。如:

   The Whites are on their holiday in Canada.

9. 用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。如:

   the People's Park, the Golden Gate Bridge

10在最高级、序数词及nextlastsame等词前常用定冠词。如:

   The last one is the most important one.

不用冠词的情况(零冠词的用法)主要有:

1. 在物质名词或抽象名词前。如:

  Water and air are important to us.

  Wisdom is better than strength.

2. 名词前面已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, some, any等代词的情况下。如:

   I want this car, not that car.

   There is some water in the cup.

3. 在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。如:

   There are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

   School begins on September 1.

   March 8th is Women's Day.

特例:1)中国的传统节日要加the。如:the Spring Festival   

4. 在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如:

   I have breakfast at six in the morning.

  They play football every day.

   He prefers science to physics.

特例:当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时,要加不定冠词。如:

   They had a good dinner yesterday.

5. 在学科前不加冠词。如:

   I am good at maths and history.

6.在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前;国名和地名人名前通常也不加冠词。如:Zhongshan Road, Tian'anmen SquareChinaShenzhenTom

7.表示使用某种交通手段时,名词前不用 冠词。如:

   I usually go to my office by bus.

Chapter 2 Protecting our environment

一.课文重点词语与短语

be interested in sth ……感兴趣 of course 当然

begin to do sth 开始做某事 each other 相互

pass sth to sb =pass sb sth 传递某物给某人

communicate with sb 和某人交流

taste 尝起来后跟形容词作表语

be in danger 处境危险 collect stamps 搜集邮票

enjoy doing… 喜欢做… enjoy oneself 玩得开心

thank sb for sth /doing sth 感谢某人做某事

make sb/sth + 动词原形 使…………

in order of ……的顺序

类似inrerested interesting的形容词:excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, surprised/ suprising, bored/ boring…

通常以-ed结尾的形容词含被动意义,表示人感到……; -ing 结尾的形容词汗主动意义,表示使人,令人…….

. 语法:现在进行时态

结构

be(am/is/are)+动词ing(现在分语)构成谓语 be是助动词,帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否定句和疑问句  

动词ing现在分词的变化规则:

1)动词+ing do-doing teach-teaching

2)以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词,双写辅音字母再+ing: put-putting ;

3  以字母e 结尾的,去掉e+ing make-making take-taking 。

4)单词以辅音字母加-ie结尾,去-iey,

再加-ing. die(死亡)----dying; tie—tying

注意:表状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时,如:

  believe(相信),doubt(怀疑),hearknowunderstandbelong(属于),think(认为),look(看起来),showmindhavesound(听起来),taste(尝起来),carelikehatelove

例如:Danny: The doorbell is ringing.

May: I know. I hear it.

某些趋向动词的现在进行时可表示将来……

I’m coming.

我这就来。 

I’m going/leaving. 

我这就走。

Chpater 3

一.课文重点词语与短语

look up 查阅 human beings 人类

an amusement park 游乐园

buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 给某人买某物 all year round 全年

some… others… 一些……另一些……

as…as…像一样 die out 灭绝

learn about sth from………了解某事

be born 出生 after leaving school 毕业后

deliver mail 送邮件 at the same time 同时

be based on ……为基础 more than 数量多于

. 语法

1 指示代词

thisthatthesethose四个词都是指示代词,分别表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”。从中文释义上我们也能看出,它们之间是有差别的。那么,我们就来讲一讲,指示代词thisthatthesethose的具体用法。

  (1this 用来指离说话者位置近的人或者物,以及时间上较近的场合。如:

  This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。

  (2that用来指在空间或时间上离的较远的人、物和场合。如:

  That is his father. 那是我爸爸。

  (3thesethis的复数形式,thosethat的复数形式。thisthatis 连用,而thesethoseare 连用。this isthese arethose are不存在缩写形式,只有that is有缩写形式,即that's。如:

  These are my friends.

  Those are their aunts.

  That's his father. = That is his father.

  指示代词的陈述句形式我们已经了解了,那么,怎样将它们改成一般疑问句呢?

  我们都知道,由陈述句转换为一般疑问句时,直接将be动词提前到句首,把第一人称转换为第二人称,回答用yesno。而在回答主语为thisthatthesethose的疑问句时,问句中的thisthat在答语中要用it替代,thesethose要用they替代。如:

   Is this his father?

   Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.

   Are these your friends?

Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

注意:指示代词所指的事物第二次提到时,通常也是用it 代替thisthat,用they 代替these those

What is this

It is a bird.

4this,that,thosethese加名词构成一些常用短语,表示时间,指现在或过去。

this morning 今天早晨 this spring 今年春天

that morning 那天早晨 these days 这些天

2 可数名词与不可数名词

普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family )。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange )和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship)

  可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。

(1) 可数名词表示复数意义时,可用some/ many/lots of/ a lot of / a few/ few/ 修饰: many bananas a few pens

(2) 不可数名词可以用some/ much/ lots of/ a lot of / a little/ little 修饰:much meat a little bread

可数名词单数变复数规则变化:

(1)一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
(2)s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es
class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
(3)-f-fe结尾的词
-f-fev再加-es
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
-s
belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变yi-es
party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
(5)以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s
toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
(6)以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
一般加-es
hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s
piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
(7) 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos

(8) 除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

例:a dollar, two dollars;

不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:

1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2单复数相同
sheep, deer, fish, yuan, jin, Swiss, Chinese, Japanese
3只有复数形式
trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses

4一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police, cattle

注意: 记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如:

Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese

Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen

Russian---Russians American---Americans

German --- Germans

child---children foot---feet

man---men woman---women

tooth---teeth goose --- geese

deer---deer sheep---sheep

Chapter 4

重点词汇和短语

1.sense感官 2.balance平衡 3.tongue舌头 4.blind盲的;瞎的 5.book预定 6.allow允许进入 7.lead带路;带领 8.exit出口 9. describe描述

10. lie 11. dead失灵的;不转运的 12. seem似乎13. convenient方便的 14. mind注意 15 almost几乎16. disability缺陷;残疾

短语

1.find out找出 2.match …with…使......相配

3.keep balance保持平衡 4.fall down跌倒;摔倒

5.stop doing sth停止做某事 6. stop to work 停下某事而去工作

7.belong to属于 8.reception desk接待处,服务台

9.walk into…走进 10.book a room定房

11.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 12.lead sb to sp领某人去某地

13.the location of…的位置 14.safety first安全第一

15.describe sth to sb向某人描述 16.be asleep在睡觉

17.save one’s life救了某人的生命 18.seem like看起来象,似乎

19.the sound of sth …的声音 20.be against sth反对

21.seconds later不久,很快 22.show up= appear 出现

23. fire alarm火警警报 24.go off突然发出响声

25.look out/watch out小心 26 have a cold患感冒

27.hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事 28. belong to 属于

29. a blind man 盲人 30. lile on the floor 躺在地上

语法:人称代词;形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词;反身代词

Task1 人称代词

1. ________() am a teacher.

2. My father is talking with _______().

3. _______() often plays basketball after school.

4. _______(他的) teacher is good.

5. _______(我们) will buy a pair of shoes for _______().

6. Please pass______(我们) the ball.

7. _______(他们) are listening to the radio.

Task2 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

1. This is _______(我的) book. That is__________(他的).

2. _______(他的) chair is blue. _____________( 我们的) is yellow.

3. _______(我们的) classroom is big.__________( 你们的) is small.

4. _______(他的) teacher is good. ______(她的)is good too.

Task3 反身代词


1. He called _________ a writer.

2. Take care of _________.

3. The Little boy can dress __________.

4. I _________ washed the clothes.

他自称是作家。

照顾好自己。

那个小男孩可以自己穿衣服。

我自己洗了衣服。


5. we enjoyed_________ last night.我们昨天玩的很愉快


Chapter 5

重点单词和短语

at last 终于 make electricity 发电

in a way 在某种程度上 come back =return 回来

connect…to… ……连接到….. with a grin on one’s face 脸上带着笑容

a packet of …一袋,一包 be on (灯,水龙头,机器等)开着

be off (灯,水龙头,机器等)关了 be able to do …能够做…..

switch /turn on 开(灯,水龙头,机器等)

switch/ turn off 关(灯,水龙头,机器等)

trick sb 捉弄某人 turn right/ left 向右转/向左转

look foolish 看起来很傻 keep silent/ quiet 保持安静

all kinds of 各种各样的饿 different forms of …不同形式的

run an air conditioner 开空调 change…into… ……变成…..

a power station 发电站

语法:情态动词

情态动词不能单独作谓语动词,后接其它动词原形做谓语,没有人称和数的变化。

表示能够或不能做某事用can can’t; 过去式为: could.

Fish can’t live without water.

---Can she play the piano?

---Yes, she can. /No, she can’t.

2. 告诉人们必须或禁止做某事用mustmustn’t;

You must hand in your homework at once.

牛津深圳版初一下学期英语知识点总结材料0

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