动名词基本用法

一 动名词定义；

动名词的构成形式为“动词+ ing”。当动名词在句子中作主语时，其谓语动词必须用单数。

Seeing is believing .、 眼见为实。

Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这里抽烟吗？

Staying with him made her very happy. 和他在一起使她感到非常快乐。

二 动名词的否定式和时态、语态的变化

1. 动名词的肯定和否定式为 doing not + doing ;

2. 动名词的时态分为一般式：doing 完成式: having done.

3. 动名词的被动语态一般式：being done， 完成式：having been done.

He admitted not telling us the truth at last. 他最后承认没有和我们说实话。　

Keep the medicine away from being touched by children.　（被动式）

This huge bridge succeeded in having been built up last month.　（被动式）

三 动名词的用法

(一) 动名词作用

1 . 动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语。

It’s no good talking. 空谈没什么用处。

It’s no use crying. 哭没有用。

It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。

2 作宾语

He is considering changing a job. 他正在考虑换一份工作。

She can’t avoid meeting him. 她免不了要碰见他。

巧记这些动词后面只用动名词作宾语的动词：+doing

Keep March gifts.（“保持三月礼物”）

k—keep e—enjoy e—excuse p—practice ; --- Keep

m—mind a—avoid r—risk c—consider h—can’t help ; ---March

g—give up i—imagine f—finish，feel like t—think of s—suggest ---gifts.

温馨提示：

（1）以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语而不能接不定式：

如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, miss, practice, resist, risk, save, suggest, understand, pardon, can’t help, be worth doing等

He admitted taking my dictionary. 他承认拿走了我的词典。

Stop talking and listen to me. 请不要说话了，听我讲。

（2 ）动名词经常作下列短语动词后介词的宾语

be good at 擅长　　　　　　 be satisfied with 对…..感到满意

be surprised at 对…..感到吃惊 be interested in 对…..感兴趣

be fond of 喜欢 be tired(sick) of　厌倦　　　　

be afraid of 　害怕 be used to 习惯于 belong to 属于

give up 放弃　　　　put off 推迟 depend on 依靠　　　　　　keep on 　继续 dream of 梦想　　　　　　 feel like 想要

prevent……from 防止　　　stop….from 阻止 look forward to 期望

She is good at swimming. He is used to walking to his office every day.

3 作表语

Living is also learning. 生活也是学习。

His favorite sport is running. 他最喜欢的运动是跑步。

4 作定语

We all attended the opening ceremony. 我们都参加了开幕式。

（二）特殊动名词用法精讲：

动词stop, forget, remember, try, go on, need等动词后既可接to do sth.也可跟doing sth.但意思完全不一样。

1. stop to do sth. 停下原来的事（一般不说出来）去干某事（表目的）

stop doing sth. 停止(正在)干的事

After class the students stopped to have a rest. 课后，同学们停下来去休息。

When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking.

2. forget to do sth. 忘记去干某事（忘记的事情还没有完成，还没有去做 ） forget doing 忘记做了的事情 （后面的动词已经做了，只是忘记了）

Don't forget to tell him the news. 别忘记告诉他这个消息。

I forgot telling him the news. 我忘了已经告诉他这个消息了。

3. remember to do 记得要做的事情（记得的事情还没有完成，还没有去做）

remember doing 记得做了的事情（后面的动词已经做了，现在记得了

Please remember to turn off the lights. 请记住关灯。

I remember turning off the lights. 我记得关了灯。

4. regret doing sth 和 regret to do sth

regret doing sth 表示“后悔过去做过的某一件事”。

She regretted telling her mother the truth. 她后悔把真相告诉了她的母亲。

regret to do sth 意思是“对正在做的，或者是还未做的事表示后悔”

I regret to tell you that you failed in the exam. 很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没通过。

5 mean to do sth和 mean doing sth

mean to do sth “打算做某事” mean doing sth “意味着……”

I meant to catch up with the early bus. 我曾想赶上早班的公共汽车。

This means wasting a lot of money. 这意味着浪费大量金钱。

6 try to do sth 和try doing sth

try to do sth “设法尽力做某事” try doing sth “试着做某事”

You should try to overcome your shortcomings. “设法克服…”

Try working out the physics problem in another way.“试一试……”

7. go on to do sth.　 接着去做另一件事

go on doing sth　 继续做原来的一件事

He went on to write after he finished reading. 他读完了又继续写。

He went on doing his homework all day. 他整天都在做作业。

8. 在need,　require,　want表示“需要”的意思时，后接动名词形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式。

These desks need repairing. = These desks need to be repaired.

The patient required examining. = The patient required to be examined.

三 分词

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。

规则动词的现在分词的构成形式：　动词原形＋ing;

规则动词的过去分词的构成形式：　动词原形＋ed

（一）现在分词与过去分词的比较

1 两者表示的语态不同

现在分词（doing）具有主动和进行的含义，经常用于表示事物；

过去分词（done）含有被动的意思，经常用于说明人的感受。

an exciting film 一部激动人心的电影 the excited people 激动的人们

a shocking news 一个令人震惊的消息 a shocked woman 一个感到震惊的女人

2 两者表示的时间不同

现在分词表示正在进行的动作、行为；过去分词说明已经完成了的动作、行为。

a falling leaf 　一片正在飘落的落叶 a fallen leaf 一片落叶

developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家

3 两者表示的语义不同

多数现在分词可译为“使人怎样…..”或“令人如何….”,用来说明事物的性质；

过去分词的含义为“某人感到怎样…..”,说明人的感觉。

The story is interesting. The boy is interested in physics.

4 它们的修饰语不同：现在分词之前常用very修饰；过去分词常用much修饰。

The football game is very exciting. 这场足球赛令人非常激动。

We were much excited at the football game. 我们看了这场足球赛感到非常激动。

（二） 过去分词在句子中的作用

1 作定语 Take away the broken vase.

2 作表语 The girl seemed quite satisfied with her job.

3 作状语 She stood there much disappointed.

4 作宾语补足语 You’d better get the article written before Friday.

温馨提示：

have 和get 都可以用过去分词作宾语补足语，构成 have/get sth done的结构，表示动作由别人完成。

I will have my hair cut this afternoon. 下午我要去理发。

（三） 现在分词在句子中的作用

1 作表语 The meeting was boring.

2 作定语 The sleeping boy is hers. The car parking under the tree is mine.

3 作状语

① 分词动作与谓语动作同时发生

She drove away crying. 她哭着把车开走了。

② 分词动作与谓语动作先后发生

Having found out the reason, he began to repair the machine.

Not having finished the homework, he had to stay up late at night.

③ 用现在分词的被动式表示“正在被….”或者“已经被…..”

This is the second bridge being built across the river.

Having been invited, he went to Germany to attend the important meeting.

（四） 经常使用的现在分词句型

1 . be busy + doing sth 忙着做某事

Father is busy cooking a meal now. 爸爸现在正忙着做饭。

2. spend (waste) time (money) + doing sth 花费（时间或金钱）做某事

She spent two hours preparing her lessons.

She wasted a whole morning cleaning the room.

He didn’t spend much money traveling in Beijing.

3 catch (find) sb. +doing sth 抓住（发现）某人在做某事

The policeman caught the thief stealing a wallet from a man.

= The policeman caught the thief when he was stealing a wallet from a man.

I found myself lying on the ground. = I found that I was lying on the ground.

4 have sb + doing sth 让（请）某人做某事

I will have a mechanic repairing my car tomorrow morning.

明天早晨我要让修理工修一下我的车。

5. keep sb + doing sth 让某人持续做某事

You kept me waiting for an hour yesterday. 你昨天让我等了一个小时。

6. go+ doing sth “去做……”

go hunting 去打猎go hiking 去远足 go skating 去滑雪 go sightseeing 去观光

7. be worth + doing sth “值得做某事”

The film is worth seeing. Your suggestion is worth considering.

8. can’t help + doing sth “禁不住做某事”

They couldn’t help laughing when they saw him.

9. be used to + doing sth “习惯做某事”

His father is used to walking to his office. Was she used to living there?

10. It is no use(good) + doing sth “做…没有用”

It’s no good complaining. It’s no use waiting here for her.

11. without + doing sth “没有做某事”

She kept sitting there without talking to anybody.

11. 表示感官的动词接现在分词作宾补

See (watch, hear, smell, feel) + sb(sth) + doing sth

I saw him running down the street. Do you smell something burning? She can hear something laughing in the room. 注意：

上述表示感官的动词，可以用不带to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语；用现在分词表示正在发生的动作；用不定式说明动作的完成或存在的事实。

I saw her dancing on the stage. 我看见她正在台上跳舞。（强调过程）

I saw her dance on the stage. 我看见她在台上跳舞了。（强调事实）

动名词的作用（高中）

　　动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

一 作主语

　　Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun.

　　Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.

　　动名词作主语，在动词的基础上加Ing,是该动词或动词短语，有名词的各种特征，可作名词灵活使用。

　　It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收

It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.

It was hard getting on the crowded street car.

　　It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

　　There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。

（一）动名词作主语的几种类型

　　1. 直接位于句首做主语。

　　Swimming is a good sport in summer.

　　2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

　　动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。

　　It is no use telling him not to worry.

常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，

foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。

　　注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。

　　3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如：

　　There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。

　　4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如：

　　No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). No parking. （禁止停车

　　5. 动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，

构成动名词的复合结构，动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。

　　Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

　　6.例词 　Shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词　

（二）、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较

动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较：

Smoking is not good for health. 　

It is not good for you to smoke so much.

注意：

　　1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。

2)在“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，

“It is a waste of time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语：

　　It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.

　　*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.

　　3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：

　　Does your saying that mean anything to him?

　　*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?

　　4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：

　　There is no telling what will happen.

　　It is impossible to tell what will happen.

5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，

主语和表语在形式上要求统一：

　　Seeing is believing. 　*To see is to believe.

二 作宾语

（1）作动词的宾语

某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up,

cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, escape

be used to, get used to, devote to…, look forward to, pay attention to,

get down to, 等。

　　They went on walking and never stopped talking.

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

（2）作介词的宾语

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?

（3）作形容词的宾语

The music is well worth listening to more than once.

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.

三 作表语

　　动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。

(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

What I hate most is being laughed at.

(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

四 作定语

　　动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：

　　a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine=a machine for washing

=a machine which is used for washing

　　a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading

a measuring tape=a tape for measuring

=a tape which is used for measuring

　　sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping

五 动名词的复合结构

带有逻辑主语的动名词叫动名词的复合结构。当动名词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。

Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。

(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)

　　Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)

What’s troubling them is their not having enough food.

(=What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)

在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：

　　Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？

　　The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college.

　　Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.

　　His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry.

　　在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：

　　a.无命名词 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.

b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义

Have you ever heard of women practising boxing?

c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列

　　Do you remember your parents and me telling about this?

六 动名词的时态和语态

　　其否定形式是在doing前加上not

　　1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：

　　I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。

　　Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。

　　2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：

　　I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。

　　Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。

　　3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

　　（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如：

I don’t like being laughed at in public.

（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：

I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.

（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：

高考英语一轮复习 - 动名词用法总结