全国中学生英语能力竞赛复习资料

发布时间:2010-04-04 22:07:15

语法聚焦

What do you usually do on weekends? I usually play soccer.

What do they do on weekends? They often go to the movies.

What does he do on weekends? He sometimes watches TV.

How often do you shop? I shop once a month.

How often does Cheng watch TV? He watches TV twice a week.

I have a headache. You should go to bed.

He has a stomachache. He shouldn’t eat anything.

She has a toothache. She should see a dentist.

What are you doing for vacation? I am visiting my grandma.

What’s she doing for vacation? She is going camping.

What are they doing for vacation? They are relaxing at home.

When are you going? I am going on Monday.

When is he going? He is going on the12th.

When are they going? They are going next week.

How do you get to school? I ride my bike.

How does he get to school? He walks to school.

How do they get to school? They take the train.

How long does it take? It takes about forty minutes.

Can you come to my party? Sure, I’d love to.

I am sorry, I can’t. I have to help my mom.

Can she go to the movies? No, she can’t. She is playing soccer.

Can he go to the baseball game? No, he can’t. He has to study.

Can they go to the concert? No, they can’t. They are going to a party.

Pedro is funnier than Paul.

Tina is taller than Tara.

Tom is more athletic than Sam.

How many bananas do we need? Three.

How much yogurt do we need? One cup.

How do you make a banana milk shake? Peel the bananas. / Pour the milk into the blender.

Did you go to the Zoo? No, I didn’t. I went to the aquarium.

Did you see any seals? Yes, I saw some seals.

Were there any sharks? No, there weren’t any sharks.

When was he born? He was born in 1895.

How long did he hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.

When did he start hiccupping? He started hiccupping in 1922.

语法[时态]

一般现在时

1. 一般现在时态的结构

在一般现在时态中,句子中充当谓语的动词若是be,则有三种形式,即am, is, are.

其中句子主语为第一人称单数时用am,句子主语为第三人称单数时用is,句子主语为第二人称单数以及任何人称的复数时用are.句子中充当谓语的动词若是行为动词,则有两种形式,即行为动词的原形以及行为动词的第三人称单数形式。其中句子主语为一般情况时,充当谓语的行为动词就用原形;句子的主语为第三人称单数时,充当谓语的行为动词就用三单现的形式。

2. 动词的第三人称单数形式的构成

(1) 一般情况下,在动词后直接加s

(2) s,x,ch,sho结尾的动词,在词尾加 es

(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,改yi,再加es

3. 一般现在时态的用法

(1) 表示现在的动作或存在的状态。

2)表示经常或习惯性的动作。

3)表示客观事实、一成不变的事情

How do you exercise?

Often, sometimes , usually等词我们通常称为频度副词

Go+动词ing (动名词) 表示动作的趋向性

动词+er / or 表示相应的职业

exercise 除了有动词的含义还有名词的含义,它作为动词是意为“运动”,而当它作为名词是意为“练习、锻炼”

spring 除了有“春天”的含义还有“泉、泉水”的含义

march除了有“三月”的含义还有“火柴”“长征”“匹配” 的含义

特殊疑问句的构成:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

当动词借助助动词时,后面的动词要回归原形。

表语通常由形容词担任

主语(名词)+谓语动词(动词)+宾语(名词)+状语(副词)

倒装结构:以here, there开头的句子要倒装,倒装语序与一般语序有所不同,一般结构:主语在前,谓语在后。而倒装语序是:主语在后,谓语在前。若主语时名词时,使用完全倒装语序,即Here(there)+谓语动词(be)+主语,而当主语为代词时,不完全倒装。例如:Here you are.(给你)。倒装结构要使用“就近一致原则”。

区分be good at , be good for , be good to .be good for 表示“对有好处”。Be good to 表示“对某人有好”be good at表示“擅长于…”

the same as 表示“和…一样”as后接名词或者动词ing (动名词)。因为as是介词,遵从介词的规则。The same as的反义是be different from 意为“和…不一样”

前文提到过的名词一致用代词代替。例如:The weather in Heyuan is different from that in Shenzhen. 此句的“天气”被代词“那”取而代之。

变反义疑问句:遵从“前否后肯,前肯后否”的规则,而当句子有little , hardly , never , few 的否定词时,后面的反义疑问句用否定形式。构成:助动词+主语?

连词的前后谓语动词形式保持一致

when意为“当…的时候”,它引导的是时间状语从句。也可询问时间。When引导状语从句强调主从谓语先后发生变化,在时间指一点或者一段时间,而while强调量动作同时进行,且一段时间,持续性动作。

Maybe 是副词。表示“也许、大概”可置于句首。而may be 情态动词,后接动词原形。

Want sb. to do sth. “想要某人做某事”

Help sb. To do sth “帮助某人做某事”

Try to do sth. “尽力去做某事“

Try doing sth. “尝试去做某事”

Help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. With sth.其中to 后接动词原形,而with后接动名词。

The + 形容词,表示某一类人

The+姓氏复数,表“…一家”

Hour-ours同音词

Lots of = a lot of ,lots of 修饰不可数名词,而a lot of 修饰可数名词。Much too 修饰形容词;too much修饰不可数名词;too many 修饰可数名词复数;a lot通常位于句子后面修饰动词;

冠词aanA 通常放在可数名词单数前;an通常放在可数名词单数前。区别在于:a置于辅音音素前,an置于元音音素前。A , an都是泛指.

凡是指人的用ed,指物的用ing

as a result 副词短语,意为“最后结果是…”

make a survey about “做一个关于……的调查”

be active in “在某方面擅长”

as for “至于”

时间状语通常置于句子的后面

动名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数

kind作名词时,意为“种类”,而作形容词时,意为“善良的、好的(心地)”kinds of表示“各种各样的” a kind of “一种”

What’s the matter?

同义句What’s the matter? = what’s your trouble? = what’s wrong with you?“你怎么啦?”

同义句:I have a 身体部位+后缀ache = There is sth. Wrong with my 身体部位 I have a pain in the 身体部位

形容词修饰不定代词要置于后

as a matter of fact = on fact “事实上”

身体部位+ache表身体部位疼痛;sore指因为发炎引起的疼痛; pain指身体部位疼痛

rest “休息”名词。Have a rest “休息一下”

lie(现在) – lay(过去) – lain(分词)

hungry – full 饥饿的 饱的

be hungry for “渴求”

be stressed out “筋疲力尽”

early – late 早的晚的

should 情态动词 ,后接动词原形 。情态动词变否定形式通常在后面加not

With 是介词,表示“含有、带有、具有”之意,这里都是介词短语做后置定语,另外也用做伴随状语。

半系动词,后接形容词做表语,类似的此有:feel , look ,smell ,get ,grow ,become ,see

start表示“开始”,相当于,后面可接动词 不定式或动名词做宾语,二者区别不大。

Start to do sth.shart doing sth.而这表示“开始做某事”,在以下三种情况下用to do而不用doing 1.本身就用动名词形式时 2.主语是物而不是人时 3.其后的动词与想法、感情有关时

Ago通常用来表是过去完成时或者一般过去时,是一个后直副词,放在表示时间的词语之后

Hope wish hope wish用作动词时候,都有“希望”的意思。但用法不同。1.两词都可接宾语从句,但hope表示一种可能事项的愿望,从句用一般现在时或一般将来时. Wish 表示一种不可能实现的愿望,从句谓语多用一般过去时、过去将来时或过去完成时,表示一种虚拟语气 2.表达“希望去干某事”时候,即可说hope to do sth. 也可说 wish to do sth. 3.表达“希望某人去干某事”时候,只能说wish sb to do sth.,不能说hope sb. To do sth. 4.wish可当“祝愿”来讲.wish sb. Sth意为“祝愿某人有某物”.hope不能这样用

被定语从句修饰的词就做先行词.

One …the other“一个……另一个……”

Some …others“一些……另一些”

One …others“一个……剩下的”

Other后接名词复数

Another后接名词单数

It is adj. to do sth.“做某事……”

On ones way home “在某人回家的路上”

Need的用法:1.实义动词2.情态动词3.名词 need to do sth.“需要做某事” need 后可接名词、动名词、不定式作为宾语.need doing sth “需要被做某事”它是一个特殊的被动结构 ,用动名词表被动 needn’t长用来对must的提问的否定回答 。以must 为助动词的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t

全国中学生英语能力竞赛复习资料

相关推荐