第卷第期中国有色金属学报年月18720087V ol.18 No.7The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Jul. 2008文章编号：1004-0609(2008)07-1311-06铸铝件凝固过程三维瞬态温度场的数值模拟隋大山，崔振山(上海交通大学国家模具CAD工程研究中心，上海 200030)摘要：采用有限元数值算法，针对一具体铝合金砂型铸造工艺，充分考虑材料和边界条件等参数的非线性特征，使用等价比热容法处理结晶潜热，对凝固过程进行了三维瞬态温度场的数值模拟。通过铸造测温实验，得到了不同位置的测温曲线，且每个位置的测温曲线与相应的计算温度曲线基本吻合，从而证明数值模拟的精度和有效性；对于各测温点的计算温度与测量温度的偏差情况，从测温误差和有限元模型两方面进行分析，提出降低热电偶测温误差和提高数值模拟精度的具体措施。关键词：铝合金；凝固过程；三维热分析；瞬态温度场；有限元法；数值模拟中图分类号：TG 146.2文献标识码：ANumerical simulation of 3D transient temperature field inaluminum alloy solidification processSUI Da-shan, CUI Zhen-shan(National Die and Mould CAD Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China)Abstract: The 3D transient temperature field was solved to the aluminum alloy solidification process by employing finite element method. The nonlinear feature of material properties and boundary condition was considered and the equivalent specific heat method was adopted to treat the latent heat. The temperature measurement experiment was done and the temperature measurement curves were acquired in different location, and the measurement temperatures were basically identical with the corresponding calculated ones. Thus, it verifies the accuracy and validity of numerical simulation. The errors between the measurement temperatures and the calculated ones were analyzed from the viewpoint on both the measurement error and the finite element model. Moreover, the detailed measurements were proposed to decrease the measurement errors and improve the simulation accuracy.Key words: aluminum alloy; solidification process; 3D thermal analysis; transient temperature field; finite element method; numerical simulation凝固过程温度场的数值模拟是铸造过程数值模拟技术的核心内容之一，是预测缩孔、缩松、热裂和宏观偏析等铸造缺陷的基础[1]。自20世纪60年代以来，各国学者对凝固过程温度场的数值模拟开展了一系列研究，主要包括材料参数、初始条件、边界条件和结晶潜热的处理方法，各种数值算法的具体实现等[2]。目前该技术已基本成熟，正逐渐成为铸造工艺设计和优化的主要工具。对于凝固过程温度场的数值模拟，目前的研究重点是如何进一步提高模拟精度和计算效率[3]。许多学者对此进行了深入研究，如采用三维几何模型[4−5]，考虑具体的铸造工艺特点[6−7]，考虑材料参数的非线性特征[8−9]，采用合适的方法处理结晶潜热[10−11]，改进数值算法[12−13]等。本文作者采用有限元数值算法，对一个具体的铝合金砂型铸造过程进行了三维瞬态温度场的数值模收稿日期：2007-06-27；修订日期：2008-04-02通讯作者：崔振山，教授，博士；电话：021-********；E-mail: cuizs@sjtu.edu.cn

铸铝件凝固过程三维瞬态温度场的数值模拟