Unit 3 Science versus nature

一、阅读理解。

It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. Fortunately, such moments are usually not obvious to the listeners. Why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser. When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened.

Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that doesn’t really matter. If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech — ＂I Have a Dream＂, you may notice that he stumbles (结巴)over his words twice during the speech. Most likely, however, you don’t remember. Why? Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making.

People care a lot about making a mistake in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication. They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition. But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance. They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly. Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.

As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being perfect. Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.

1.The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will 　　　　.

A.be smarter than you

B. know what you are talking about

C.do better than you

D. notice your mistakes

2.You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because 　　　　.

A. you find the way of speech-making more important

B. you don’t fully understand the speech

C. you don’t know what the speaker plans to say

D. your attention is on the content

3.From the last two paragraphs, the author means that 　　　　.

A. giving a speech is like giving a performance

B. the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made

C.one or two mistakes in a speech may not be bad。

D. the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker

B. Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech

C. Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech

D. How to Make a Perfect Speech

【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了不要期盼完美的演讲，没有人会注意到你的错误，有时一两个错误也不坏。

1.D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文＂Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say.＂可知，没人会注意到你在演讲中所出现的问题和错误，故选D。

3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句话＂Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human＂ 作者认为演讲中的一两个错误并不坏。故选C。

4.B 【解析】标题判断题。根据第一段的句子＂It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.＂可知，文章主要介绍不要期望完美的演讲。故选B。

二、单项选择。

1.—I’ve had a bad cough recently.

—Me too. I’ve never experienced _______ of air pollution in cities before.

A. an acute problem B. a more acute problem

C. a most acute problem D. the most acute problem

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词比较级表示最高级概念的用法。句意：在城市中，以前我从来没经历过(比这)更严重的空气污染问题。从 never , before 可以看出原来从来没有比这更严重的，本句中用形容词比较级表达的是最高级的概念，一个……的问题，用 a。

2.Recently, a video _______ “tiger attack in the zoo” became widespread on the Internet and aroused a heated discussion about who was actually responsible.

A. being titled B. titled C. titling D. have titled

【答案】B

【解析】titled=which was titled。句意：最近，一段标题为“动物园里老虎的攻击”的视频在因特网上迅速传播开来，并引起了一场关于实际上由谁来承担责任的热烈讨论。

3.The pupils in our school like reading after lunch, most of _______ seated on the grass unless it rains.

A. them B. whom C. that D. who

【答案】A

【解析】本题看似在考查代词、关系代词的用法，实际上最主要的还是与非谓语动词有密切关系。根据题干可知， 句中的seated 为过去分词， 因此选 A项， 构成独立主格结构“most of them seated on the grass unless it rains”。句意：我校学生喜欢午饭后读书，除非下雨，他们中大多数人就坐在草坪上读书。

4.—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?

—It implies that drug users find themselves _______ in a prison from which they cannot escape.

A. to be trapped B. having trapped C. trapped D. trapping

【答案】C

【解析】句意：吸毒者发现他们被困于监狱中而不能逃跑。trap 与 themselves 是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选 C。find 后面作补足语的不定式不带 to；B、D 两项为主动意义。

5. _______ to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.

A. Being attached B. Attached C. Attaching D. Having attached

【答案】B

【解析】我们可以将 Attached to the gift was a note 理解成 A note was attached to the gift 句意：附在礼物上的是一张便条，便条上说对在他在这里逗留期间我们给他的接待表示感谢。

6.Trump Tower, _______ as the headquarters for The Trump Organization, is a 58­story skyscraper _______ in

Midtown Manhattan.

A. serving, located B. served, located C. served, locating D. serving, locating

【答案】A

【解析】Trump Tower 与 serve 是主谓关系，因此用现在分词，由此可以排除 B、C 两项；表示“位于某地点”，用固定短语“be located in...”，因此第二空用过去分词。句意：川普大楼作为川普集团的总部，是一座坐落在曼哈顿的一栋 58 层的摩天大楼。

7.The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when _______ by the police determine the

punishment, _______ from a small fine to life imprisonment.

A. caught; ranging B. caught; ranged C. catching; ranging D. catching; ranged

【答案】A

【解析】 catch 与 person 之间是动宾关系， 因此要用过去分词， 排除 C、 D 两项； range from...to...意为“从……到……”，不用被动。句意：一个人被警察抓获时所携带的非法毒品的种类和数量决定了惩罚的轻重。范围从少量罚金到终身监禁不等。

8.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices _______ in the world.

A. heard B. having heard C. hearing D. to be heard

【答案】A

【解析】句意：女性应该得到尊重，她们的声音应该让全世界人听到。“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这个结构表示“使得……被……”，符合语境，make their voices heard 表示“让她们的声音被听到”。

9.—Sharon, why is the man so upset now?

—His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _______, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.

A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen

【答案】B

【解析】句意：由于他的钱包、手机和身份证都被偷走了，所以警察正在调查，将把他送往一个社会救助站。根据句意可知，用“名词＋过去分词”这个独立结构，因为 steal 与名词 wallet、mobile 和 IDcard 都为动宾关系，所以用过去分词。

10.The draft regulation on the online protection of minors, _______ for public opinions by the cyberspace

authorities, has drawn wide public concern.

A. releasing B. having released C. to release D. released

【答案】D

【解析】 句意： 网络部门发布的未成年人网络保护条例草案， 引起了社会的广泛关注。 根据题意可知， release和 draft 之间是动宾关系，即用过去分词作定语。

11.To prevent further pollution, many people are _______ the use of alternative energy sources.

A. applying to B. compensating for C. catering to D. pushing for

【答案】D

【解祈】句意：为了防止进一步的污染，许多人正在呼吁使用可替代的能源。apply to 适用于，应用于； compensate for 赔偿；cater to 迎合；push for 努力说服，力劝，呼吁。

12.The guest was pleased with the waiter so gave him a small sum _______ in consideration of his service.

A. in terms of B. in place of C. in consideration of D. in need of

【答案】C

【解祈】in consideration of sth.=as payment for sth.作为……的报酬，作为……的酬劳。句意：客人对那位服务员很满意，所以给了他一笔小费以酬谢他的服务。

13.I’m sure that she will remember the great favour he has _______ by offering her a home.

A. promised B. made C. done D. instructed

【答案】C

【解祈】do sb. a favor 或 do a favor for sb. 的意思是“帮某人一个忙” 。the great favour 是先行词，后面是定语从句。句意：我肯定的说，她会永远记住他给予了她一个家的恩惠。

14.Large quantities of information as well as some timely help _______ since the organization was built.

A. has offered B. had been offered

C . have been offered D. is offered

【答案】C

【解析】as well as 连接两个名词词组作主语时，动词要与前一个名词词组在数上保持一致。而“Large quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；再结合语境可知，此处应该用现在完成时。故选 C 项。句意：自从该组织成立以后，它提供了大量的信息还有及时的帮助。

15.Difficult as the task was _______, they never gave up and kept trying all the time.

A. to be accomplished B. to accomplish C. being accomplished D. to have been accomplished

【答案】B

【解析】句意：任务尽管很难去完成，他们却从未放弃并一直在尝试。此题是 as 引导的让步状语从句与 “sth+be+adj+to do”句式的结合，在“sth+be+adj+to do”句式中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含

义。

三、完形填空。

My mother was a gift giver.The occasion never __1__ —Christmas，birthdays，anniversaries or no occasion at all.

She was always thinking about who might__2__ what.Creativity and __3__ went into the gifts she gave，and she __4__ a thank­you note.Once she sent out notes to her own children and grandchildren who had not acknowledged gifts，__5__ that they were now on her“Fecal Roster(黑名单)”and would not be removed__6__ she had received a proper thank you.

Even if you didn't __7__ a thank you，she'd give you another gift the next__8__ she had.She figured__9__ manners were your problem，not hers.

Every time Mom and Dad__10__ to visit，all of us would gather in the driveway as they unloaded luggage.There was always something for the kids，__11__ a couple of little toys or a big __12__ of homemade cookies.They weren't gifts for particular occasions.They were __13__ “Isn't life great？”gifts.

One spring when they came to visit，she handed me a __14__ bag.Inside was a painting that __15__ ：“A Special Daughter.You've __16__ laughter and joy to our lives and so much love to our hearts.The most precious things we can __17__ for you are the things you have given us...__18__ and Love.”

Mom was a __19__ gift giver，but the best gifts we will always remember her for were her love for __20__ and her love for us.

1．A.mattered　　　　B．occurred

C．varied D．arose

2．A.wonder B．praise

C．enjoy D．approve

3．A.thoughtfulness B．sympathy

C．justice D．authority

4．A.ignored B．appreciated

C．promised D．resisted

5．A.assuming B．abusing

C．stating D．correcting

6．A.once B．after

C．when D．until

7．A.send B．purchase

C．conduct D．obtain

8．A.moment B．chance

C．festival D．holiday

9．A.mistaken B．bad

C．silly D．ridiculous

10．A.walked by B．wandered around

C．drove over D．rode away

11．A.often B．always

C．never D．seldom

12．A.tank B．cage

C．container D．holder

13．A.fairly B．apparently

C．especially D．simply

14．A.cookie B．toy

C．hand D．gift

15．A.read B．told

C．wrote D．appeared

16．A.showed B．awarded

C．devoted D．brought

17．A.apply B．wish

C．recommend D．ask

18．A.Assistance B．Privilege

C．Happiness D．Satisfaction

19．A.extreme B．serious

C．grand D．great

20．A.life B．kids

C．families D．gifts

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的母亲喜欢给别人赠送礼物来表达自己的爱意。她用自己的行动表达了爱，传播了生活的美好。

1．A　根据空后的“Christmas，birthdays，anniversaries or no occasion at all”可知，母亲的给予是不分场合的，即给予的场合不重要。故A项符合语境。

2．C　根据该句“She was always thinking about who might __2__ what”并结合常识可知，送礼物要根据别人的喜好，所以作者的母亲会想别人喜欢什么。故选C项。

3．A　根据“She was always thinking about who might __2__ what”和空前的“Creativity”可知，作者的母亲经常思考，所送的礼物既要有新意又要很体贴。thoughtfulness意为“体贴，关切”；sympathy意为“同情”；justice意为“公平”； authority意为“权威”。故选A项。

4．B　根据第一段的第一句“My mother was a gift giver”可知，作者的母亲是一个给予者；结合该句中的“Creativity and __3__ went into the gifts she gave，and she__4__ a thank­you note”可知，她很欣赏感谢便条。故B项正确。

5．C　根据该句中的“Once she sent out notes to her own children and grandchildren who had not acknowledged gifts，__5__ that they were now on her‘Fecal Roster(黑名单)’”可知，有一次她给收到礼物却没有表达感谢的孩子和孙子发了纸条，纸条上说他们现在在她的“黑名单”上。assume意为“假设”； abuse意为“滥用”；state意为“陈述，说明”；correct意为“纠正”。故选C项。

6．D　根据该句中的“she had received a proper thank you”并结合上文可知，母亲不会将孩子们(的名字)从“黑名单”上删除，直到她收到一句谢谢。故选D项。

7．A　根据上文可知，作者的母亲送礼物的时候，希望得到一句谢谢。send意为“发送”；purchase意为“购买”；conduct意为“进行”；obtain意为“获得”。故选A项。

8．B　根据第一段第二句中的“Christmas，birthdays，anniversaries or no occasion at all”可知，不只是在节假日，母亲在很多情况下都会准备礼物；结合该句中的“she'd give you another gift the next__8__ she had”可知，她会在下一次有机会时赠给你另一件礼物。B项意为“机会”，符合语境。

9．B　她认为没有礼貌是你的问题，而不是她的问题。得到礼物不回谢应该是没有礼貌的行为，故B项符合语境。

10．C　根据空后的“all of us would gather in the driveway as they unloaded luggage”可知，作者的父母是开车过去的。drive over意为“驱车前来”，符合语境，故选C项。

11．A　根据该句中的“There was always something for the kids”及下文可知，他们总是给孩子们带一些东西，通常是一些小玩具或者是自制的饼干。故选A项。

12．C　根据该句中的“a couple of little toys or a big __12__ of homemade cookies”及常识可知，饼干是放在盒子之类的容器(container)里的。tank意为“(贮放液体或气体的)箱”，cage意为“笼子”，holder意为“持有者”，均不符合语境。故选C项。

13．D　根据该句和前一句“They weren't gifts for particular occasions”可知，它们不是为特殊场合而准备的礼物，只是(simply)关于“难道生活不美好吗？”的礼物。“Isn't life great？” gifts可以理解为“彰显生活美好的礼物”。故选D项。

14．D　一个春天，当作者的父母来拜访时，母亲递给作者一个礼物包。结合第一段中的“My mother was a gift giver”可知，这里指“礼物包”。故选D项。

15．A　根据空后的“A Special Daughter.You've...and Love”并结合该句可知，礼物包里面是一幅画，画上写着下文中的几句话。read“写着”，符合语境。

16．D　此处表示，你为我们的生活带来欢笑和欢乐，对我们的爱如此之深。由常识可知，此处表示孩子为父母带来欢声笑语。故选D项。

17．B　根据该句中的“The most precious things we can __17__ for you are the things you have given us”可知，父母希望子女得到的是子女给予他们的，即欢声笑语和爱。故选B项。

18．C　根据上文中的“You've __16__ laughter and joy to our lives and so much love to our hearts”及空后的“Love”并结合选项可知，孩子可以为父母带来幸福和爱。assistance意为“援助”；privilege意为“特权”；happiness意为“幸福”；satisfaction意为“满意”。故选C项。

19．D　根据本文第一句“My mother was a gift giver”并结合上下文可知，母亲是一个极好的礼物赠送者。故选D项。

20．A　根据该句中的“but the best gifts we will always remember her for were her love for__20__ and her love for us”可知，此处表示我们永远记得她给的最好的礼物是她对生活的热爱和她对我们的爱。从文中作者母亲的行为可以看出作者的母亲对生活的热爱。故A项符合语境。

四、七选五。

More and more people are working remotely.Here are some tips to keep in mind to stay focused on your work when working at home：

Set and keep regular office hours.

__1__ Then try your best to leave work at the “office” and turn your phone on silent and enjoy the rest of your day.Give yourself some time to recharge so you can be as productive as possible.

Plan and structure your workdays.

Structure your workdays to maximize(使最大化)efficiency.Take advantage of your body's natural rhythms.__2__ If you know you focus best in the morning，resist the temptation to check email until 10 a．m.or later.

Set aside a designated(指定的)work area.

Try to work at the same spot every day.__3__ And make it a place you enjoy going to each day，an area where you can focus and do your best work.

Take breaks.

Schedule time for frequent breaks throughout the day.Rise from your desk，stretch or walk around the house or down the street.__4__ If you need social activities，go out to lunch with friends or clients.

Avoid distractions(使人分心的事)．

One challenge of working at home is distraction.With no colleagues or partners nearby，it's easy to become distracted.Stay focused on work throughout the day to maintain consistent productivity.__5__

　A．It could be a spare bedroom that you've turned into a home office.

　B．Plan your work around your most productive hours.

　C．Do your best to set work hours and stick to them.

　D．Take a lunch break and enjoy a midday meal.

　E．It is more comfortable to stay at home.

　F．Some interruptions can't be avoided.

　G．Avoid online distractions as well.

【解题导语】本文主要介绍了五种在家工作时如何保持注意力集中的方法。

1．C　根据本段的小标题“Set and keep regular office hours”可知，此处与工作时间的设定有关，所以选C项。

2．B　根据本段的小标题“Plan and structure your workdays”可推知，此处与工作计划有关，并与本段第一句“Structure your workdays to maximize(使最大化)efficiency”呼应，所以选B项。

3．A　根据本段小标题“Set aside a designated(指定的)work area”可知，此处表示家庭办公区的设定和安排，所以选A项。

4．D　根据本段第一句“Schedule time for frequent breaks throughout the day”并结合小标题“Take breaks”可推知，工作期间适当休息一下有助于集中注意力，所以选D项。

5．G　根据本段小标题“Avoid distractions(使人分心的事)”可推知，网上使人分心的内容也是集中注意力所需要避免的，所以选G项。

配套K122019高考英语一轮训练选 模块5 Unit 3 Science versus nature 牛津译林版必修5