政治经济文化类阅读理解练习（2）

2016高考英语阅读理解--政治经济文化类

13、With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.

How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you.

I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don't get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?

Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.

【小题1】According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that ____________.

A．it makes people more confident

B．it can pick up people' s spirits

C．it can help rid the cruelty in the world

D．it can help people get on well with others

【小题2】The phrase “busting a gut" in the third paragraph can be replaced by __________.

A．explaining carefully B．speaking loud

C．keeping silent D．laughing hard

【小题3】In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to __________.

A．talk about his own understanding of humor

B．encourage people to be humorous in daily life

C．introduce a practical way to get through daily life

D．convince people of the power of being optimistic about life

【小题4】What is the author' s attitude towards the present world?

A．Positive. B．Critical.

C．Satisfied. D．Indifferent.

2016高考英语阅读理解--政治经济文化类

CANYOUMAGINEHOWHARDITWOULDBETOREADSENTENCESLIKES?

Every one of us gets so used to punctuation marks that not many of us give them a secondthought．Actually，the ancient Greeks wrote this way．The lack of punctuation marks probably didn’t bother good readers，though．As they read，they just put pauses where they fit best. Also at this time，sentences switched directions．A sentence read from leftto right．The next one read right to left，and then left to right again，etc．The ancient Romans sometimes punctuatedlike this：They put somethingthat can separate words in a sentence．The wordpunctuationactually comes from this idea andthe Latin word“punctum”which means a lot.

When the 5th century arrived，there were just twopunctuation marks：spaces and points．The spaces separated words while the points showed pauses in reading．Then in the 13th century，a printer named Aldus Manutius tried to standardize punctuation．He always used a period for a complete stop at the end of a sentence．He used a slash(／)toindicate a short pause．Over time．that slash was shortened and curled，and it became the modern comma(逗号)．

Since that time，other marks have enlarged the punctuation family．The exclamation mark(感叹号)comes from the Latin word“io”．It means “exclamation of joy”.The question mark originally started out as the Latin word“questio”，meaning“question”．Eventually，scholars put it attheend of a sentence to show a question．

Punctuation even keeps changing nowadays．New marks are coming into existence，and old punctuation marks are used in new ways．Take for example the“interrobang”．This 1962 invention combines the question mark and exclamation mark for times when writers want both．For example．“She did what?!”or“How much did you pay for that dress?!”Obviously,the interrobang is not widelyused or recognized yet，but its invention shows that English is not yet finishedwith its punctuation．

【小题1】From the first paragraph，we can know that__________.

A．good readers had trouble reading without punctuation marks

B．a sentence always read from left to right in ancient Greece

C．ancient Greeks switched the direction of punctuation marks

D．the use of punctuation marks can date back to ancient times

【小题2】We can learn from the passage that___________．

A．ancient Romans didn’t use any punctuation marks

B．exclamation and question marks came from Latin

C．spaces and slashes were already used before the 5th century

D．Aldus Manutiusfast started to use commas

【小题3】What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A．The combinationoftwo marks will not work.

B．It takes time for people to accept new punctuation marks．

C．Old punctuation marks need to be standardized．

D．Punctuation marks are still changing today．

阅读理解。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.

First, you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.

Let's start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90°angle(角度)to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.

If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45°angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap(摆动)．It shouldn't look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.

Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can't go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.

45. What should you consider first while sailing?

A．Sailors' strength. B．Wave levels.

C．Wind directions. D．Size of sails.

46．What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A．The boat. B．The wind. C．The sail. D．The angle.

47．What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?

A．Move in a straight line. B．Allow the sail to flap.

C．Lower the sail. D．Tack the boat.

48．Where can you probably find the text?

A．In a popular magazine. B．In a tourist guidebook.

C．In a physics textbook. D．In an official report.

【要点综述】本文主要介绍了航行中关于风向的问题。首先要考虑风向，然后再根据风是从船的后面，侧面还是前面来确定航行的方法。

45. C　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话 “And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.”和第二段的内容，可知首先要考虑风向的问题。A项是不需要考虑的，B项和D项没有提及。

46. C　代词指代题。结合第四段中“In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.”中的the sail可知后面的it指的是“风帆”。而不是“船”，“风”或“角度”。

47. D　细节理解题。从最后一段的“You may want to go in that direction.…This is called tacking.”可知是逆风航行的时候要不断地改变方向，因此选D。

48. A　推理判断题。本文主要涉及的是大众的航行运动的知识，而不是有关旅游和物理方面的知识，也不是一个官方的报告，因此选A。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions(使命)often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day's work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station(ISS)．ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video conferences.

While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early 2010, the Internet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing(冲浪)” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.

Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth. Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the Earth's vast land mass and oceans.

60．What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A．Find. B．Copy. C．Change. 　D．Lose.

61．Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS?

A．They are caring and thoughtful.

B．They are worried and upset.

C．They are impatient and annoyed.

D．They are excited and curious.

62．In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts ________.

A．get more pleasure in space than on the Earth

B．find living in space a bit boring and tiring

C．regard space life as common

D．love to see the Earth from space

63．The passage mainly discusses how astronauts ________.

A．work for longer missions in space

B．connect with people on the Earth

C．observe the Earth from space

D．spend their free time in space

【要点综述】本文是记叙文。宇航员的生活往往是与众不同的，但是在国际空间站的工作人员的生活可以跟在地球上的生活很相似。他们可以与家人或者朋友联系，也可以做一些日常的活动。

60. B　词义猜测题。联系They work five days on and two days off我们知道，他们的生活与地球上是一样的，因此答案为B。

61. A　推理判断题。从第二段我们知道，在飞行前，这些航天员的家人以及朋友为他们准备了照片、书籍等供他们消遣的东西，因此他们是很体贴和想法周全的。D有一定干扰性，文章没有讲述家人或者朋友对于这些宇航员工作的兴奋与好奇，因此可以排除。

62. D　推理判断题。从最后一段我们知道，这些宇航员喜欢从窗口看外面的世界，并且地球在不同时间提供了不同的画面。

63. D　主旨大意题。全文讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过工作之余的闲暇时间的。B、C有一定的干扰性。文章提到过宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友的联系，也提到了他们透过窗子看地球上的景观，但是这些都是细节，而不是主题。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby's point of view.

Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby's blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.

It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four­hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock­watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I've never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.

Well, at last we have copper­bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本) of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a child's sex and age, the mother's health and feeding style. These results don't surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.

I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.

31. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels ________.

A．sick B．upset C．sleepy D．hungry

32. What does the author think about Dr King?

A．He is strict. B．He is unkind.

C．He has the wrong idea. D．He sets a timetable for mothers.

33. The word copper­bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________.

A．basic B．reliable

C．surprising D．interesting

34. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?

A．The baby will sleep well.

B．The baby will have its brain harmed.

C．The baby will have a low blood sugar level.

D．The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.

35. The author supports feeding the baby ________.

A．in the night B．every four hours

C．whenever it wants food D．according to its blood sugar level

【要点综述】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了怎样喂婴儿，是根据婴儿的需求还是按照时间表。根据调查研究发现，按照婴儿的需求喂婴儿要比按照时间规定喂婴儿要好很多。

31. D　细节理解题。从第二段The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.看出婴儿哭是因为饿了。故选D。

32. C　作者观点题。根据第三段I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.看出作者认为Dr Frederic Truby King的观点是不正确的。故选C。

33. B　词义猜测题。根据本段的…research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.看出这个研究是非常可靠的。basic“基础的，基本的”；reliable“可依赖的，可靠的”；surprising“令人吃惊的”；interesting“有趣的”。故选B。

34. D　细节理解题。根据第四段By the age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.看出答案。故选D。

35. C　细节理解题。本文的第一句(I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly)就提出观点，“反对定时喂婴儿”，最后一句(I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices)希望结束严格按时喂养的习惯。既然是“不定时”，也就是按婴儿需要喂养，故选C。

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