话题语言应用——英语的发展

语言积累

交际用语

表达语言交际困难（language difficulties in communication ）

I beg your pardon? 请再说一遍好吗？

Pardon? 请再说一遍好吗？

Can you speak more slowly, please? 请说慢一点好吗？

How do you say ...in English? 用英语怎么说……？

Could you say that again, please? 请再说一遍好吗？

How do you spell it please? 请问它怎么拼？

How do you pronounce this word? 你怎么读这个单词？

Sorry, I can’t follow you. 对不起，我不明白你说的话。

What do you mean by...? ……是什么意思？

I don’t understand. 我不明白。

Can you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？

What does that mean? 那是什么意思？

I can’t get my point across. / I can’t get through to him. 无法让他明白。

What do you call this in English? 英文管这叫什么?

Can you say that in a different way? 你能换一种说法来说吗？

【高清课堂：unit 2语言应用】，

话题语句1

Knowledge about language

1. How many languages are there in the world?

6912 (39,431 distinct (有区别的) names of languages, dialects, and alternate names)

2. How many languages can you use to say “Hello”?

3. What is “Esperanto（世界语）”?

Esperanto is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary（辅助）language.

世界语是波兰籍犹太人柴门霍夫博士（L.L.Zamenhof）1887年在印欧语系的基础上创立的一种国际辅助语，旨在消除国际交往的语言障碍，被誉为“国际普通话”。后人根据柴门霍夫公布这种语言方案时所用笔名“Doktoro Esperanto”（意为“希望者博士”），称这种语言为“Esperanto”。20世纪初，当世界语刚传入中国时，有人曾把它音译为“爱死不难读”语，也有叫“万国新语”。后来，有人借用日本人的意译名称“世界语”，并一直沿用至今。

世界语是在印欧语系的基础上，创造出来的一种人造语，共有二十八个字母，书写形式采用拉丁字母，一个字母只发一个音，每个字母的音值始终不变，也没有不发音的字母，语音和书写完全一致。每个词的重音固定在倒数第二个音节上。学会了二十八个字母和掌握了拼音规则，就可以读出和写出任何一个单词。世界语基本词汇的词根，大部分来自印欧语系的各自然语言。其中大部分来自拉丁语族，少部分来自日耳曼语族和斯拉夫语族。世界语的语法是在印欧语系的基础上加以提炼的，其基本规则只有十六条，因此比较容易掌握。世界语从1905年起开始传入中国。

4. What are the top 3 most widely used languages in the world?

Chinese Mandarin (普通话) 3.69%

Spanish (西班牙语) 5.05%

English 4.84%

5. What is “language family”? Which families do English and Chinese belong to?

A language family is group of languages related (有关系的) through descent (血统) from a common ancestor (祖先), called the proto-language (原始语) of that family.

English – Indo- European language family印欧语系

Chinese – Sino-Tibetan language family汉藏语系

6. Think of three countries where English is spoken as a first language.

America, Britain, Australia

Think of three countries where English is spoken as a second language.

India, Kenya, Malaysia

Think of three countries where English is only used as a foreign language.

China, Japan, Russia ■

话题语句2 Language study 语言学习

1. share one’s experience of learning English 分享学习英语的经验

2. Vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building．

词汇（表）是语言的重要部分，就像建筑物的砖。

3. memorize twenty new words a day 一天背20个生词

4. listen to English programs on TV and on the radio 听电视和收音机上的英语节目

5. use what we’ve learned in order to have a better grasp of it 使用所学以便好好掌握

6. read interesting English books and magazines 读有趣的英语书籍和杂志

7. have more interactive activities in class, such as discussions, interviews, story-telling and role-play 有很多的课上互动活动，如讨论、采访、讲故事和角色扮演

8. take part in more out-of-class activities like English speech contests and English evenings

参加更多的课外活动，像英语讲演和英语晚会

9. communicate in English with people, whether they are English teachers or classmates, foreigners or Chinese

用英语与人交流，无论他们是英语老师还是同学，外国人还是中国人

10. join English clubs or make English pen-friends on the Internet

加入英语俱乐部，或在网上交笔友

11. In order to speak English fluently, he tries his best to learn and practise.

为了能流利地说英语，他尽全力来学习和练习。

12. make learning English relaxing and fun 使学英语轻松有趣

13. We can have more fun learning English. 我们可以使学英语更有趣味。

话题语句3

American English and British English

Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick answer to this question.

At first the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776 America became an independent (独立的) country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. For example, 300 years ago the English talked about “fall” Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as (像) the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with (以……结束) different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish.

In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the spelling of many words. That’s why the words colour, centre and traveller are spelt color, center, and traveler in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.

The differences are greater in the spoken language. For example, American say dance [dæns], and in southern England they say [da:ns]. In America they pronounce not [nat]; in southern England they say [ nɔt]. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.

Will a language die out?

As more and more people speak the global (全球的) languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out (消失) by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

In an effort (努力) to prevent language loss, scholars (学者) from a number of organizations —UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting (记录) dying languages and the cultures they reflect (反射).

写作运用

单元作文

海报(Poster)也是一种宣传广告。其内容是向广大群众提供喜闻乐见的消息,如:球讯、电影消息及演出动态等等。为了吸引更多的观众与听众,常贴在人来人往的或热闹的地方。因此海报的语言要力求简洁,通俗易懂。并且要公布时间与地点。

海报的写法

1. 标题（Title）：在海报的正上方，用简洁、引人注目的语言概况要宣传的主要内容，如： Secretary Wanted, Weekend Ball等。

2. 正文（Body）：海报内容没有明确的规定，可以根据内容灵活掌握。一般可以用一些有鼓动性的词句吸引人的眼球，达到广而告之的目的。然后列出要宣传的活动的内容，包括活动的主题、目的、时间、地点、费用、原因（Reason）等，为了使内容更清晰明了，可以有小标题，主体内容是否分段不限。

3. 结论（Conclusion）：最后的结论性、鼓动性句子。

4. 单位和日期：与中文海报不同，英文海报的日期在最后一行，顶格写。张贴单位在右下角。

※ 写作要点：标题必须简洁明了，内容必须清楚明确。

参考范文

话题作文

Example 1

请根据下面的内容写一篇5句话作文。

Jane是一名来中国学习汉语的留学生，她在学习汉语的过程中做了一些总结：

1.她很喜欢并享受学习汉语的过程，但是觉得听力很难提高。

2. 她喜欢看中国的电影，但是经常跟不上。

3. 为了改变这种情况，她听中文歌曲，看一些电视节目，比如“汉语桥”等。

4. 经常和中国人交流。

5. 她相信只要坚持下去一定会有很大的进步。

参考范文

Jane is an international student who is fond of learning Chinese but find it hard to improve her listening. She enjoys watching Chinese films, yet it is difficult for her to catch up. In order to change the situation, she often listens to some Chinese songs and watches Chinese TV programs, such as Chinese Bridge. Besides, she often communicates with native speakers. She believes she is sure to make great progress if she can stick.

Example 2

假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Velinda 来信请你在寒假教她学习汉语。请根据以下要点，用英语给她写封回信。

时间：每周二下午3:00一5:00 地点:李华家书房

内容：l.日常会话 2.中文歌曲 3.中国节日

参考范文：

Dear Velinda,

Glad to hear from you. I’d like to tell you what I have planned for your Chinese study.

We can begin our Chinese class in my study at 3 pm every Tuesday during the winter holiday. The class lasts until 5 o’clock. In the class, we will practice spoken Chinese. I will teach you some beautiful Chinese songs, including popular and folk ones, which can help you learn and remember Chinese words more easily. What’s more, I’d like to introduce some Chinese festivals to you, such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. Luckily, we will celebrate two important Chinese festivals mentioned (提到的) above during this winter holiday.

I believe you can improve your Chinese and we’ll have a good time together.

Best wishes,

Li Hua

Example 3

（2016 四川遂宁期末）

假如你叫李华，是高一的学生，你的好友张林最近给你来信，想了解你的近况，并向你请教如何学英语，请用英语给他写一封回信，主要内容包括：

1．进高中后遇到的问题：课程多，压力大：不适应新老师的教学风格；

2．在老师和同学的帮助下各个学科，尤其是英语已经取得很大进步；

3. 就如何学好英语提出建议。（两点）

参考范文：

Dear Zhang Lin,

I’m happy to have received your letter. Now I’m writing to express my thanks for your care and tell you something about my study.

Since my entering senior middle school, something difficult has taken place to me. First of all, so many courses do I have to study that I feel awfully stressful. Besides, I find it is a challenge for me to follow the new teachers, because their teaching styles are quite different from those of my junior middle school teachers. Fortunately, with the help of my teachers and classmates, I have made progress, especially in English.

The following is my advice on how to study English well at senior middle school. Firstly, previewing the new words before class is a must for you. Secondly, reading some English magazines is an effective approach to improving your English reading ability. (116 words)

Best wishes!

Yours

Li Hua

高中英语必修一话题语言运用 - 英语的发展